La leche de cabra protege el material genético ante la sobrecarga de hierro

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Un estudio de la Universidad de Granada publicado en la revista ‘International Dairy Journal’ revela que la leche de cabra protege de posibles daños al ADN en situación normal y de «sobrecarga» de hierro, según el análisis realizado en ratas. En este sentido, los directores de esta investigación, Javier Díaz Castro y Margarita Sánchez Campos, afirmaron que la elevada calidad de la grasa de la leche de cabra, junto con la alta biodisponibilidad de magnesio y zinc, «podrían ser responsables de su efecto protector en el ADN de linfocitos de sangre periférica».

Según Díaz Castro, la inclusión de este tipo de leche en la dieta con un contenido normal o doble de calcio «favorece la utilización digestiva y metabólica de hierro, calcio y fósforo, así como su depósito en órganos diana -partes del organismo a las que se destinan preferentemente estos minerales-, implicados en la regulación homeostática».

Experimentos con ratas
Así, el investigador destacó que el consumo habitual de leche de cabra tiene efectos «positivos» sobre el metabolismo mineral, la recuperación de la anemia ferropénica y la mineralización ósea en la rata. Además, «su enriquecimiento con calcio no interfiere en la biodisponibilidad de los minerales estudiados, a diferencia de lo observado con la leche de vaca».

Sin embargo, advirtió de que «todavía» se requieren estudios en humanos para confirmar los hallazgos y «fomentar su consumo tanto en la población general como en la afectada por anemia ferropénica nutricional y otros males». Y es que la anemia ferropénica y la desmineralización ósea provocada por esta patología se recuperan «mejor» con la leche de cabra.

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After Downgrade, Spain Hit by Unemployment Report

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Spanish unemployment has risen above 20 percent, the country’s statistics agency said Friday, a number not seen since 1997. The announcement came just days after Spain had its debt downgraded by Standard and Poor’s amid Europe’s wider credit crisis.

Spanish unemployment has more than doubled since January 2008, rising 11.45 percentage points as the country traverses its worst economic crisis in decades and giving it the unenviable position of one of the highest jobless rate among developed nations. In Europe, Spain is second only to Latvia.

“Most of the 20 percent is structural,” said Santiago Carbó, an economics professor at the University of Granada. “It’s here to stay.”

Like the recession in the United States, Spain’s troubles have hit men much harder than women, with eight out of 10 lost jobs being held by males, almost the same ratio as what Americans saw last year.

Mirroring the United States economy, Spain’s troubles have centered on the construction sector, known there as “el ladrillo,” or the brick — an industry that has employed many more men than women, and that does not seem likely to recover soon.

With the fourth-largest economy in the eurozone, Spain has watched with discomfort as other countries on the southern edge of the currency union — namely Greece and Portugal — have seen market confidence slip over their ability to repay debt and was dismayed to see its own credit rating grouped with that of smaller, poorer nations.

“The downgrade discounted these figures,” Mr. Carbó said, referring to the unemployment report, which had been leaked in the Spanish press. But the economist, who is associated with the University of Chicago, warned that Spain had its work cut out.

“We need serious job market reform,” he said, citing the need for more flexible contracts; a move away from collective bargaining for wages (which can reduce individual incentives to lift productivity); and a government program to share the cost of layoffs, the brunt of which companies now bear.

The repercussions of the debt downgrades have been widespread, as the countries already short of funds are faced with higher costs to borrow, while institutions holding their deteriorating debt watch their own balance sheets decline.

Caja Madrid, a Spanish bank, announced Thursday a 79 percent decrease in quarterly profit, partially due to shifts in sovereign bond markets.

German banks and other investors hold about $28 billion euros in Greek debt, downgraded to junk this week by S&P.

And Greek banks themselves hold so much of their own nation’s debt that bankers told the Handelsblatt they were not sure if major Greek lenders would last until Europe passes its rescue package, which is thought to be imminent.

The move by the ratings agencies has prompted all three nations to accelerate their efforts to clean house and put their budgets in order. Madrid is pushing to resolve negotiations with unions over labor laws within weeks; Portugal is implementing its austerity program sooner than it had planned, and Greece is said to intend a parliamentary vote on its austerity plan for Monday.

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Antarctica was once a warm ‘greenhouse’ world

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Antarctica, the ice-covered mass of land on the earth was once a warm «greenhouse» or «hothouse» world, according to results of a research expedition in Antarctic waters.

The findings revealed that some 53 million years ago, Antarctica was a warm, sub-tropical environment and during this period-called the known as the «greenhouse» or «hothouse» world- atmospheric carbon dioxide levels exceeded those of today by ten times.
Then suddenly, Antarctica’s lush environment transitioned into its modern icy realm.

Newly acquired climate records tell a tale of this long-ago time. The records were recovered from Antarctica, preserved in sediment cores retrieved during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Wilkes Land Glacial History Expedition from Jan. 4 – March 8, 2010.

Wilkes Land is the region of Antarctica that lies due south of Australia, and is believed to be one of the most climate-sensitive regions of the polar continent.

In only 400,000 years–a mere blink of an eye in geologic time–concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide there decreased. Global temperatures dropped. Ice sheets developed and Antarctica became ice-bound.

The researchers wondered how did this change happen so abruptly, and how stable can we expect ice sheets to be in the future.

Thus, an international team of scientists participating in the Wilkes Land Glacial History Expedition spent two months aboard the scientific research vessel JOIDES Resolution, drilling geological samples from the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica.

«The new cores offer an unprecedented ability to decipher the history of glaciation in Antarctica. The climate record they preserve is immensely valuable, especially for testing how well current global climate models reproduce past history,» said Jamie Allen, program director in the National Science Foundation (NSF)’s Division of Ocean Sciences.

Despite braving icebergs, near gale-force winds, snow and fog, Wilkes Land Expedition scientists recovered approximately 2,000 meters (more than one mile) of sediment core.

«These sediments are essential to our research because they preserve the history of the Antarctic ice sheet,» said Carlota Escutia of the Research Council of Spain CSIC-University of Granada, who led the expedition.

«We can read these sediments like a history book. And this book goes back 53 million years, giving us an unprecedented record of how ice sheets form and interact with changes in the climate and the ocean,» said co-chief scientist Henk Brinkhuis of Utrecht University in the Netherlands.

The new core samples collected during the expedition are unique because they provide the world’s first direct record of waxing and waning of ice in this region of Antarctica.

Combined, the cores tell a story of Antarctica’s transition from an ice-free, warm, greenhouse world to a cold, dry, «icehouse» world.

Sediments and microfossils preserved within the cores document the onset of cooling and the development of the first Antarctic glaciers, as well as the growth and recession of Antarctica’s ice sheets.

Cores from one site resemble tree rings–alternating bands of light and dark sediment preserve seasonal variability of the last deglaciation, which began some 10,000 years ago.

Understanding the behaviour of Antarctica’s ice sheets plays an important role in our ability to build effective global climate models, which are used to predict future climate say scientists.

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Antarctic Ice Cores Hold Clues of Future Climate

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Between January 4 and March 8 this year, an international team of experts conducted the Wilkes Land Glacial History Expedition in Antarctica, as part of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). During the study, the scientists collected ice core samples from the location, which they then transported back to the lab for analysis. Now, the data they obtained is being used to inform a new generation of computer models aimed at simulating future climate events based on our planet’s past evolution.

One of the most mysterious events in Earth’s climate history took place some 53 million years ago, about 10 million years after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-T) extinction event that saw the killing of dinosaurs. At that time, the Antarctic was a very lush, subtropical environment, which looked nothing like what it does today. This was largely caused by immense atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, which exceeded those recorded today at least ten times over. When this period ended, the Antarctic suddenly transformed into the ice-covered wasteland it is today, over a very short geological time.

The reason why the new expedition was carried out in Wilkes Land was precisely because the area is extremely sensitive to climate change. In fact, it’s the most sensitive area of Antarctica. By drilling here, experts hoped to collect the most relevant data of the transformations that led to Antarctica becoming covered in ice millions of years ago. Many experts hypothesized that, for some reason, CO2 concentrations dropped from their ultra-high levels to more “familiar” ones within less than 400,000 years, which is merely a second in geological time.

“The new cores offer an unprecedented ability to decipher the history of glaciation in Antarctica. The climate record they preserve is immensely valuable, especially for testing how well current global climate models reproduce past history,” explains the program director in the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Ocean Sciences (DOS), Jamie Allen. The DOS is one of the main co-funders of the IODP initiative. During the new Expedition, the international team collected more than 2,000 meters of sediment core from Wilkes Land.

“These sediments are essential to our research because they preserve the history of the Antarctic ice sheet. We can read these sediments like a history book. And this book goes back 53 million years, giving us an unprecedented record of how ice sheets form and interact with changes in the climate and the ocean,” concludes the leader of the expedition, expert Carlota Escutia. The scientist is based at the Research Council of Spain CSIC, and the University of Granada, and conducted the investigation with co-chief scientist Henk Brinkhuis of Utrecht University in The Netherlands.

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Through the looking glass: Scientists peer into Antarctica’s past to see our future climate

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Despite their present-day cold temperatures, the poles were not always covered with ice. New climate records recovered from Antarctica during the recent Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) «Wilkes Land Glacial History» Expedition show that approximately 53 million years ago, Antarctica was a warm, sub-tropical environment. During this same period, known as the «greenhouse» or «hothouse» world, atmospheric CO2 levels exceeded those of today by ten times.

Then suddenly, Antarctica’s lush environment transitioned into its modern icy realm. In only 400,000 years — a mere blink of an eye in geologic time — concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide decreased. Global temperatures dropped. Ice sheets developed. Antarctica became ice-bound.

How did this change happen so abruptly and how stable can we expect ice sheets to be in the future?

To answer these questions, an international team of scientists participating in the Wilkes Land Glacial History Expedition spent two months aboard the scientific research vessel JOIDES Resolution in early 2010, drilling geological samples from the seafloor near the coast of Antarctica. Despite negotiating icebergs, near gale-force winds, snow, and fog, they managed to recover approximately 2,000 meters (over one mile) of sediment core.

«These sediments are essential to our research because they preserve the history of the Antarctic ice sheet,» observed Dr. Carlota Escutia of the Research Council of Spain CSIC-University of Granada, who led the expedition, along with co-chief scientist Dr. Henk Brinkhuis of Utrecht University in the Netherlands. «We can read these sediments like a history book,» Brinkhuis explained. «And this book goes back 53 million years, giving us an unprecedented record of how ice sheets form and interact with changes in the climate and the ocean.»

Wilkes Land is the region of Antarctica that lies due south of Australia, and is believed to be one of the more climate-sensitive regions of the polar continent. The new core samples collected during IODP’s Wilkes Land expedition are unique because they provide the world’s first direct record of waxing and waning of ice in this region of Antarctica.

Combined, the cores tell the story of Antarctica’s transition from an ice-free, warm, greenhouse world to an ice-covered, cold, dry «icehouse» world. Sediments and microfossils preserved within the cores document the onset of cooling and the development of the first Antarctic glaciers and the growth and recession of Antarctica’s ice sheets. Cores from one site resemble tree rings — unprecedented alternating bands of light and dark sediment preserve seasonal variability of the last deglaciation that began some 10,000 years ago.

Understanding the behavior of Antarctica’s ice sheets plays a fundamental role in our ability to build robust, effective global climate models, which are used to predict future climate. «These models rely on constraints imposed by data from the field,» the co-chiefs pointed out. «Measurements of parameters such as age, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration provide invaluable inputs that help increase the accuracy of these models. The more we can constrain the models, the better they’ll perform — and the better we can predict ice sheet behavior.»

What’s next? The science team now embarks on a multi-year process of on-shore analyses to further investigate the Wilkes Land cores. Age-dating and chemistry studies among other analyses are expected to resolve changes in Antarctica’s climate over unprecedented short timescales (50-20,000 years). Data collected from the Wilkes Land expedition will complement previous research from drilling operations conducted elsewhere in the Antarctic over the last 40 years. Together, this research will provide important age constraints for models of Antarctic ice sheet development and evolution, thereby forming the basis for models of future ice sheet behavior and polar climatic change.

IODP is an international marine research program dedicated to advancing scientific understanding of the Earth through drilling, coring, and monitoring the sub-seafloor. The JOIDES Resolution is a drilling vessel managed by the U.S. Implementing Organization of IODP (USIO), and funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). Together, Texas A&M University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, and the Consortium for Ocean Leadership comprise the USIO.

IODP is supported by two lead agencies, NSF in the U.S. and Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. Additional program support comes from the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD), the Australian-New Zealand IODP Consortium (ANZIC), India’s Ministry of Earth Sciences, the People’s Republic of China (Ministry of Science and Technology), and the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources.

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New sediment cores taken from the seabed in Antarctica may give us clues as to our planet’s future climate

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Scientists participating in the Wilkes Land Glacial History expedition of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program have recently returned home with 2,000 metres of sediment core from Wilkes Land, directly south of Australia, in an effort to add more data to global climate models.

Climate records retrieved from the sediment cores revealed information about Antarctica’s past, showing that some 53 million years ago Antarctica was not the icy wasteland that it is today but rather a warm, sub-tropical environment in a world where atmospheric levels of CO2 exceeded those of today by ten times.

However, within 400,000 years Antarctica underwent a transformation which turned it into the massive ice-sheet that we are more familiar with. Such a dramatic transformation happening within such a small period of time – geologically speaking – reveals a dramatic stimulus. Global temperatures dropped and Antarctica became icebound.

How this happened and whether such an event can provide information for us as we move forward was the push for the Wilkes Land Glacial History Expedition, a several month journey from New Zealand, via Hobart and south to the Wilkes Land margin off the coast of Antarctica.

The expedition, aboard the vessel JOIDES Resolution, acquired geological samples from the sea bed as the crew avoided icebergs, near gale-force winds and fog. The sediments they acquired “are essential to our research because they preserve the history of the Antarctic ice-sheet,” said Dr. Carlota Escutia of the Research Council of Spain CSIC-University of Granada.

“We can read these sediments like a history book,” explained co-chief scientist Dr. Henk Brinkhuis of Utrecht University in the Netherlands. “And this book goes back 53 million years, giving us an unprecedented record of how ice sheets form and interact with changes in the climate and the ocean.”

The Wilkes Land region of Antarctica is special in that it is one of the more climate-sensitive regions on the face of the planet. This allowed the scientists to withdraw cores that provide the first ever document evidence of the waxing and waning of the ice-sheet spared and its effect on the region’s albedo and the planet’s water levels.

The cores tell the story of Antarctica’s transition from a hot and humid locale to the ice-bound desert that has been the centre of so much human attention.

Sediments and microfossils found within the cores document the beginning of the cooling and the development of Antarctica’s first glaciers and subsequent growth and spread of the ice-sheets. Cores from one specific site are reminiscent of the rings within a trees trunk, alternating dark and light sediment preserving seasonal variability of the last deglaciation that began some 10,000 years ago.

More and more information is always beneficial to helping climate scientists understand what is going to happen to Earth next. More information equals more robust and effective climate models which are used to predict the future of our planet’s climate.

“These models rely on constraints imposed by data from the field,” the co-chiefs pointed out. “Measurements of parameters such as age, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration provide invaluable inputs that help increase the accuracy of these models. The more we can constrain the models, the better they’ll perform and the better we can predict ice sheet behaviour.”

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Público

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Pág. 42 – Agenda: Dibujo/Granada

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Scientists Peer Into Antarctica’s Past to See Future Climate

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New results from a research expedition in Antarctic waters may provide critical clues to understanding one of the most dramatic periods of climate change in Earth’s history.

Some 53 million years ago, Antarctica was a warm, sub-tropical environment. During this same period, known as the «greenhouse» or «hothouse» world, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels exceeded those of today by ten times.

Then suddenly, Antarctica’s lush environment transitioned into its modern icy realm.

Newly acquired climate records tell a tale of this long-ago time. The records were recovered from Antarctica, preserved in sediment cores retrieved during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Wilkes Land Glacial History Expedition from Jan. 4 – March 8, 2010.

Wilkes Land is the region of Antarctica that lies due south of Australia, and is believed to be one of the most climate-sensitive regions of the polar continent.

In only 400,000 years–a mere blink of an eye in geologic time–concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide there decreased. Global temperatures dropped. Ice sheets developed. Antarctica became ice-bound.

How did this change happen so abruptly, and how stable can we expect ice sheets to be in the future?

The JOIDES Resolution encounters rough seas during the transit to Antarctica. Credit: John Beck, IODP/TAMUTo answer these questions, an international team of scientists participating in the Wilkes Land Glacial History Expedition spent two months aboard the scientific research vessel JOIDES Resolution, drilling geological samples from the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica.

«The new cores offer an unprecedented ability to decipher the history of glaciation in Antarctica,» says Jamie Allen, program director in the National Science Foundation (NSF)’s Division of Ocean Sciences, which co-funds IODP.

«The climate record they preserve is immensely valuable, especially for testing how well current global climate models reproduce past history.»

Despite braving icebergs, near gale-force winds, snow and fog, Wilkes Land Expedition scientists recovered approximately 2,000 meters (more than one mile) of sediment core.

«These sediments are essential to our research because they preserve the history of the Antarctic ice sheet,» says Carlota Escutia of the Research Council of Spain CSIC-University of Granada, who led the expedition, along with co-chief scientist Henk Brinkhuis of Utrecht University in the Netherlands.

«We can read these sediments like a history book,» Brinkhuis says. «And this book goes back 53 million years, giving us an unprecedented record of how ice sheets form and interact with changes in the climate and the ocean.»

The new core samples collected during the expedition are unique because they provide the world’s first direct record of waxing and waning of ice in this region of Antarctica.

Combined, the cores tell a story of Antarctica’s transition from an ice-free, warm, greenhouse world to a cold, dry, «icehouse» world.

Sediments and microfossils preserved within the cores document the onset of cooling and the development of the first Antarctic glaciers, as well as the growth and recession of Antarctica’s ice sheets.

Cores from one site resemble tree rings–alternating bands of light and dark sediment preserve seasonal variability of the last deglaciation, which began some 10,000 years ago.

Understanding the behavior of Antarctica’s ice sheets plays an important role in our ability to build effective global climate models, say scientists, which are used to predict future climate.

«These models rely on constraints imposed by data from the field,» the expedition co-chief scientists point out.

«Measurements of parameters such as age, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration increase the accuracy of these models. The more we can constrain the models, the better they’ll perform–and the better we can predict ice sheet behavior.»

What’s next?

The science team now embarks on a multi-year process of on-shore analyses to further investigate the Wilkes Land cores.

Age-dating and chemistry studies, among other analyses, are expected to resolve questions about changes in Antarctica’s climate over short timescales (50-20,000 years).

Data collected from the Wilkes Land Expedition will complement previous research from drilling operations conducted elsewhere in the Antarctic over the last 40 years.

The research will provide important age constraints for models of Antarctic ice sheet development and evolution, forming the basis for models of future ice sheet behavior and polar climate change.

IODP is an international marine research program dedicated to advancing scientific understanding of the Earth through drilling, coring, and monitoring the sub-seafloor.

The JOIDES Resolution is a drilling vessel managed by the U.S. Implementing Organization of IODP (USIO), and funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). Together, Texas A&M University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and the Consortium for Ocean Leadership comprise the USIO.

IODP is supported by two lead agencies, NSF in the U.S. and Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

Additional program support comes from the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD), the Australian-New Zealand IODP Consortium (ANZIC), India’s Ministry of Earth Sciences, the People’s Republic of China (Ministry of Science and Technology), and the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources.

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El Mundo

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Pág. 34: “Guerra” al spray en Granada

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Ideal

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Pág. 10: La poética de los pleitos

Pág. 14 – Publicidad: Plan propio de Internacionalización Universidad de Granada

Pág. 42: Exposición fotográfica en la Fundación Euroárabe

Pág. 52: El Universidad de Granada roza el ascenso a la Copa de España de Primera División

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Granada Hoy

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Portada: Un estudio de la Universidad desvela que el consumo de leche de cabra protege de posibles daños al ADN y de “sobrecarga” de hierro

Pág. 2: Las pintadas de un profesor

Pág. 5 – Opinión: Albaicín

Pág. 9: Las empresas del PTS esquivan el peor año de la crisis creando empleo y riqueza

Pág. 18: La Universidad descubre que la leche de cabra protege de daños al ADN

Pág. 26: Conferencia sobre los refraneros en la Euroárabe |Una exposición de Rojas abre De una orilla a otra |Juanjo Guarnido

Pág. 51: El equipo femenino del CD Universidad se queda a las puertas del ascenso

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De nouvelles techniques pour contribuer au développement des terres forestières en région méditerranéenne

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Des scientifiques de l’université de Grenade en Espagne ont développé de nouvelles procédures de boisement pour les terres agricoles fondées sur la relation entre les terres et les plantes, afin de renforcer les chances de survie et le développement des végétaux dans l’environnement méditerranéen. Les résultats de cette étude ont été partiellement publiés dans la revue Annals of Forest Science.

Maria Noelia Jiménez Morales, du département d’édaphologie et de chimie agricole de l’université, et également auteur de l’étude, déclarait que ces recherches «offrent de nouvelles informations scientifiques sur les meilleures techniques de boisement des terres agricoles dans les régions méditerranéennes, et fournissent de nouvelles mesures de planification du boisement en termes régionaux.»

Les techniques utilisées par l’équipe de recherche soutiendront la mise en oeuvre positive de programmes européens de boisement des terres agricoles qui s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la politique agricole commune (PAC). L’UE dispose de programmes de boisement et de reforestation solides qui sont essentiels à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et contribueront à ralentir le changement climatique et à protéger la biodiversité.

Le boisement est un procédé qui consiste à planter des arbres ou à ensemencer sur des terres qui n’ont jamais été boisées. Partout en UE ces dix dernières années, le dépeuplement de la campagne en raison du départ de milliers de personnes vers les villes s’est traduit par la désertion des terres agricoles, générant ainsi une occasion parfaite de développer de nouvelles forêts.

L’UE a mis en place un projet d’aide communautaire pour les programmes de boisement dans les années 1990. Bien que ce projet se soit révélé être un succès et ait mené au boisement d’environ 3 millions d’hectares (ha) des terres agricoles partout en UE (dont 685 000 ha rien qu’en Espagne), les programmes ont été réalisés sans aucun critère ni directive techniques ou environnementaux.

L’équipe espagnole a analysé les effets sur les jeunes plantes de différentes techniques pour préparer la terre au boisement, en se concentrant sur la relation entre la terre et les plantes. Les chercheurs ont également étudié l’impact des programmes de boisement sur les niveaux de biodiversité.

Leur objectif était de révéler les conditions optimales pour transformer les terres agricoles en zones forestières. Pour réaliser leurs tests, ils ont choisi plusieurs zones de terres agricoles utilisées auparavant pour cultiver des céréales et élever du bétail. Une série de recommandations ont suivi, portant notamment sur la nécessité de développer des programmes de boisement modéré et de plantations à faible densité afin de permettre la colonisation des terres par des plantes indigènes.

Elles recommandaient également de sélectionner des terres agricoles pour le boisement proches de forêts indigènes afin d’obtenir des graines et d’assurer la succession végétale. Enfin, elles suggéraient que les terres agricoles soient utilisées pour les programmes de boisement, étant donné que la transformation en terres forestières favorise la survie de la biodiversité.

Les chercheurs expliquaient que ces techniques ne seraient pas adaptées à tous les pays de l’UE mais seraient avantageuses pour la région méditerranéenne.

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