Determinan el genotipo de enfermedades causantes del síndrome de la muerte súbita cardíaca

Científicos del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves y de la Universidad de Granada han determinado qué mutaciones del gen denominado KCNH2 son las más frecuentes en el Síndrome de QT largo en nuestra población.

El Síndrome de QT largo es un trastorno de los canales iónicos cardíacos que afecta aproximadamente a una de cada 2.500 personas, y que puede causar muerte súbita por arritmias ventriculares. Esta enfermedad suele afectar a niños y adolescentes y en ocasiones se confunde con cuadros convulsivos, diagnosticándose erróneamente de epilepsia.

Hasta ahora, se han descrito cientos de mutaciones en doce genes de canales de sodio y potasio principalmente. Así, aproximadamente el 75% de las mutaciones descritas en el SQTL se encuentran en tres genes: KCNQ1, el más frecuente en otras poblaciones (canal de potasio), KCNH2 (canal de potasio), y SCN5A (canal de sodio).

Para llevar a cabo este estudio, los investigadores granadinos trabajaron con 9 pacientes con criterios diagnósticos de Síndrome de QT largo y 4 pacientes con Fibrilación Ventricular Idiomática (pacientes recuperados de una parada cardíaca en los que no se llega al diagnóstico de la enfermedad responsable) que fueron estudiados en la Unidad de Arritmias del Hospital Virgen de las Nieves de Granada junto a algunos de sus familiares de primer grado

Estudio genético

Los científicos encontraron mutaciones en 7 pacientes con Síndrome de QT largo y en 2 con Fibrilación Ventricular Idiopática. El 71.4% de las mutaciones fueron en KCNH2 y el 28.6% en SCN5A. No se halló ninguna mutación en KCNQ1. Sólo dos mutaciones estaban previamente descritas. De hecho, una de estas mutaciones se ha estudiado “in vitro” en un vector celular demostrando definitivamente su implicación en la etiología de la enfermedad, lo que supone una gran aportación a este campo de investigación (ver imagen). Para ello se ha contado con la colaboración del Departamento de Farmacología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

En 6 familiares de los 19 estudiados se encontró una mutación. En conclusión, y a diferencia de estudios previos, el trabajo realizado en Granada ha demostrado que el estudio genético tuvo una alta sensibilidad para el diagnóstico de Síndrome de QT largo, y que el gen más frecuentemente mutado fue KCNH2. Esto representa una diferencia importante respecto a otras poblaciones, en las que el gen más frecuentemente mutado es KCNQ1.

Este trabajo, publicado próximamente en Revista Española de Cardiología, ha sido elaborado por Juan Jiménez Jáimez, Luis Tercedor Sánchez, Miguel Álvarez López, Ricardo Sebastián Galdeano (Hospital Virgen de las Nieves), Esther Martínez Espín y José Antonio Lorente Acosta (Departamento de Medicina Legal y Toxicología de la Universidad de Granada). El análisis genético fue realizado en el Laboratorio de Análisis Genéticos Lorgen, en el PTS de Granada

“El gran interés que tiene el test genético en el abordaje de estas enfermedades radica en la posibilidad de identificar a sujetos afectados pero que presenten poca expresión fenotípica, esto es, que la enfermedad no se manifieste de forma evidente en el electrocardiograma o las pruebas de imagen” señalan los investigadores. “Ello incrementa las posibilidades de detectar a familiares portadores de la misma enfermedad pero con resultados poco concluyentes en el resto de pruebas, lo que a nuestro juicio representa un gran avance dado que estas enfermedades genéticas pueden ser hereditarias”.

Pese a lo significativo de estos resultados, los investigadores advierten de que su trabajo constituye “una experiencia preliminar e inicial en nuestro país”, y describe el perfil genotípico de una pequeña muestra de pacientes. “Es necesaria una colaboración multicéntrica para obtener grupos más amplios y conclusiones extrapolables a la población general”, destacan los autores.

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Dental patterns as accurate as DNA

Researchers from the University of Granada (UGR) in Spain came to this conclusion after analysing the dental patterns of more than 3,000 people.

‘There is sufficient dental diversity between people to enable a scientifically-based human identification method to be developed for forensic purposes,’ said Stella Martin de las Heras, professor of legal and forensic medicine at the UGR and study leader.

Martin de las Heras and her team carried out a statistical analysis of 3,166 full and partial sets of teeth taken from the databases in the National Surveys of Oral Health of 1993, 2000 and 2005. The results were published in Forensic Science International.

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Dental patterns as accurate as DNA

Researchers from the University of Granada (UGR) in Spain came to this conclusion after analysing the dental patterns of more than 3,000 people.

‘There is sufficient dental diversity between people to enable a scientifically-based human identification method to be developed for forensic purposes,’ said Stella Martin de las Heras, professor of legal and forensic medicine at the UGR and study leader.

Martin de las Heras and her team carried out a statistical analysis of 3,166 full and partial sets of teeth taken from the databases in the National Surveys of Oral Health of 1993, 2000 and 2005. The results were published in Forensic Science International.

Descargar


Dental patterns as accurate as DNA

Researchers from the University of Granada (UGR) in Spain came to this conclusion after analysing the dental patterns of more than 3,000 people.

‘There is sufficient dental diversity between people to enable a scientifically-based human identification method to be developed for forensic purposes,’ said Stella Martin de las Heras, professor of legal and forensic medicine at the UGR and study leader.

Martin de las Heras and her team carried out a statistical analysis of 3,166 full and partial sets of teeth taken from the databases in the National Surveys of Oral Health of 1993, 2000 and 2005. The results were published in Forensic Science International.

Descargar


Dental patterns as accurate as DNA

Researchers from the University of Granada (UGR) in Spain came to this conclusion after analysing the dental patterns of more than 3,000 people.

«There is sufficient dental diversity between people to enable a scientifically-based human identification method to be developed for forensic purposes,» said Stella Martín de las Heras, professor of legal and forensic medicine at the UGR and study leader.

Martin de las Heras and her team carried out a statistical analysis of 3,166 full and partial sets of teeth taken from the databases in the National Surveys of Oral Health of 1993, 2000 and 2005. The results were published in Forensic Science International.

Descargar


Dental Patterns as Accurate as DNA

Researchers from the University of Granada (UGR) in Spain came to this conclusion after analysing the dental patterns of more than 3,000 people.

«There is sufficient dental diversity between people to enable a scientifically-based human identification method to be developed for forensic purposes,» said Stella Martín de las Heras, professor of legal and forensic medicine at the UGR and study leader.

Martin de las Heras and her team carried out a statistical analysis of 3,166 full and partial sets of teeth taken from the databases in the National Surveys of Oral Health of 1993, 2000 and 2005. The results were published in Forensic Science International.

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Dental patterns as reliable as DNA tests

A person’s dental patterns can identify a person as accurately as DNA testing in forensics.

That’s according to new Spanish research that suggests a person’s dental patterns can be used as proof of their identity with the same degree of reliability as DNA testing, the method normally employed by forensic police in indentifying dead bodies.

The researchers – at the University of Granada (UGR) drew evidence from the dental patterns of more than 3,000 people.

Lead author Stella Martin de las Heras, a professor of Legal and Forensic Medicine at the university, says: ‘There is sufficient dental diversity between people to enable a scientifically based human identification method to be developed for forensic purposes.’

The dental experts carried out a statistical analysis of 3,166 full and partial sets of teeth taken from the databases in the National Surveys of Oral Health of 1993, 2000 and 2005.

The results were published in Forensic Science International.

However, the scientist does acknowledge the limitations of using dental patterns, accepting that ‘dental characteristics have low stability within the population compared with mitochondrial DNA sequences’.

The dental patterns of a population depend on oral health status and, therefore, on age and the therapeutic dental approach of the time i.e. more teeth are now being restored rather than extracted.

She adds: ‘But by analysing the databases of dental patterns in Spanish populations according to different age groups and birth cohorts, we found test results with high homogeneity for all the databases, which shows the value of this system for identifying people, and its forensic utility.’

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20 Minutos

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Now, teeth of dead bodies can reveal their identity

A person’s dental patterns could be as reliable an identity proof for dead bodies as DNA, according to researchers from the University of Granada.

Forensic police uses DNA testing to reveal the identity of dead bodies.

The researchers came to the conclusion after analysing the dental patterns of more than 3,000 people.

“There is sufficient dental diversity between people to enable a scientifically-based human identification method to be developed for forensic purposes,” said Stella Martin de las Heras, lead author of the study.

The scientists carried out a statistical analysis of 3,166 full and partial sets of teeth taken from the databases in the three most recent National Surveys of Oral Health (1993, 2000 and 2005).

Using these data, the team estimated “conditioned dental diversity”, eliminating cases where people had all their teeth “present and healthy” or people who were “edentulous” (without a single tooth in their mouth), as these were of no use for identification purposes.

The results of the study, show variability values of 0.999 (on a scale of 0 to 1), “which is comparable to the rates for a scientifically-based identification method such as mitochondrial DNA”, said Martin de las Heras.

However, there are limitations of using dental patterns.

“Dental characteristics have low stability within the population compared with mitochondrial DNA sequences, which are only affected by mutations and heteroplasmy (different types within the same mitochondria, cell or individual),” she added.

“But by analysing the data bases of dental patterns in Spanish populations according to different age groups and birth cohorts, we found test results with high homogeneity for all the databases, which shows the value of this system for identifying people, and its forensic utility,” said the researcher.

In this procedure, an oral autopsy makes it possible to obtain a cadaver’s dental data.

To do this, forensic scientists use a range of techniques depending upon the body’s state of preservation.

In some cases they have to remove the maxillary bones in order to find details that cannot be identified in any other way.

The post mortem dental pattern is compared with the dental data of the person in life, information that is provided by dentists, although it can also come from doctors and family members.

Various IT programmes are used to help in comparison and identification.

The study is published in the journal Forensic Science International.

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Ideal

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Now, teeth of dead bodies can reveal their identity

A person’s dental patterns could be as reliable an identity proof for dead bodies as DNA, according to researchers from the University of Granada.

Forensic police uses DNA testing to reveal the identity of dead bodies.

The researchers came to the conclusion after analysing the dental patterns of more than 3,000 people.

«There is sufficient dental diversity between people to enable a scientifically-based human identification method to be developed for forensic purposes,» said Stella Martin de las Heras, lead author of the study.

The scientists carried out a statistical analysis of 3,166 full and partial sets of teeth taken from the databases in the three most recent National Surveys of Oral Health (1993, 2000 and 2005).

Using these data, the team estimated «conditioned dental diversity», eliminating cases where people had all their teeth «present and healthy» or people who were «edentulous» (without a single tooth in their mouth), as these were of no use for identification purposes.

The results of the study, show variability values of 0.999 (on a scale of 0 to 1), «which is comparable to the rates for a scientifically-based identification method such as mitochondrial DNA», said Martin de las Heras.

However, there are limitations of using dental patterns.

«Dental characteristics have low stability within the population compared with mitochondrial DNA sequences, which are only affected by mutations and heteroplasmy (different types within the same mitochondria, cell or individual),» she added.

«But by analysing the data bases of dental patterns in Spanish populations according to different age groups and birth cohorts, we found test results with high homogeneity for all the databases, which shows the value of this system for identifying people, and its forensic utility,» said the researcher.

In this procedure, an oral autopsy makes it possible to obtain a cadaver’s dental data.

To do this, forensic scientists use a range of techniques depending upon the body’s state of preservation.

In some cases they have to remove the maxillary bones in order to find details that cannot be identified in any other way.

The post mortem dental pattern is compared with the dental data of the person in life, information that is provided by dentists, although it can also come from doctors and family members.

Various IT programmes are used to help in comparison and identification.

The study is published in the journal Forensic Science International.

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