La UGR celebra sesión ordinaria del Consejo de Gobierno

Escrito por

Mañana, viernes, día 30 de octubre a las 8’30 horas en primera convocatoria, y a las 9 horas en segunda, tendrá lugar, en la Sala de Convalecientes del Hospital Real, la sesión ordinaria del Consejo de Gobierno, con el siguiente Orden del día:

1. Informe del Sr. Rector.

2. Informe y aprobación, en su caso, de los planes de estudio de las siguientes titulaciones:

– Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas.
– Grado en Biología.
– Grado en Economía.
– Grado en Finanzas y Contabilidad.
– Grado en Márketing e Investigación de Mercados.
– Grado en Turismo.

3. Aprobación, si procede, de los grados en Ciencias Políticas y de la Administración y en Sociología, de conformidad con las modificaciones acordadas por el Consejo de Gobierno.

4. Aprobación, en su caso, de adscripción de materias al Máster Universitario en Formación de Profesorado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas.

5. Aprobación, si procede, del Master Oficial en Educador / Educadora Ambiental.

6. Ratificación, en su caso, de los acuerdos adoptados por la Comisión Académica en su sesión de 21 de octubre de 2009:

a. Solicitud de permisos y licencias
b. Solicitud de renovación de comisiones de servicio de profesorado de la Universidad de Granada.
c. Propuesta de nombramiento de profesor emérito.
d. Solicitud de reconocimiento de créditos de libre configuración.
e. Propuesta de dotación de plazas de cuerpos docentes universitarios y de las correspondientes comisiones de evaluación.
f. Propuesta de dotación de plazas de cuerpos docentes universitarios y de las correspondientes comisiones de evaluación (Plan de estabilización de investigadores).

7. Propuesta y aprobación, en su caso, de nombramiento de dos vicedecanas o vicedecanos y un subdirector o subdirectora, correspondientes, respectivamente, a la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, a la Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, y a la Escuela Universitaria de Arquitectura Técnica (artículo 63.1 de los Estatutos de la Universidad).

 8. Elección, en su caso, de una vacante en la Junta Electoral de la Universidad, correspondiente al sector “estudiantes”.

 9. Aprobación, en su caso, de calendario de elecciones parciales a Claustro Universitario, Juntas de Centro y Consejos de Departamento e Instituto Universitario de Investigación, propuesto por la Junta Electoral de la Universidad, en sesión de 19 de octubre de 2009.

10. Aprobación, en su caso, del Proyecto para el fomento y desarrollo del Deporte de alto nivel en la Universidad de Granada.

11.  Propuesta y, en su caso, aprobación de homologación de beca y contrato de investigación.

12.  Solicitud de aval del Consejo de Gobierno para la tramitación del título honorífico de “Hijo Predilecto de Andalucía” para D. Pedro Martínez Montávez  y D. Gregorio Salvador Caja, doctores Honoris Causa por la Universidad de Granada.

13.  Ruegos y preguntas.

14.  Lectura y, en su caso, aprobación del Acta relativa a los acuerdos adoptados en la presente sesión.

Se pone en marcha en la UGR un espacio web para aprender a realizar fotos, dibujos y otras obras

Escrito por

Habilitar un espacio web en el que fuera posible aprender a realizar fotografías, dibujos, escultura, obras textiles, etc. con imágenes, de forma que se creara un verdadero conjunto de diálogos visuales, era uno de los objetivos del proyecto de innovación docente “Diálogos de imágenes. Metodologías visuales en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la creación y evaluación de imágenes”, que coordina el profesor Joaquín Roldán Ramírez, del departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal de la UGR.

Esta web, ya habilitada, funciona de forma automática y cualquier alumno puede registrarse y gestionar sus propios recursos. El equipo del proyecto “responde” al alumnado, con imágenes creadas al efecto, en un continuo diálogo creativo y formador que sirve al mismo tiempo tanto para el alumnado como para el profesorado.

Junto al coordinador, Joaquín Roldán Ramírez, forman parte de este proyecto de innovación docente los también profesores Ventura Ramírez González, Ricardo Marín Viadel, Asunción Jódar Miñarro, y Sergio García Sánchez. Y cuenta, igualmente, con la colaboración de Inmaculada Villa, Miguel Calero, José María Mesías, Jaime Mena de Torres, Guadalupe Pérez, Noemí Genaro, y Mercedes Martín Cueto.

Los responsables del proyecto justifican así la idea: “Tratábamos de desarrollar metodologías visuales de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La idea, fruto de las experiencias docentes de años anteriores, trata de desarrollar modelos de comunicación visual para la enseñanza y aprendizaje en asignaturas en las que tanto los objetivos generales como los específicos incluyen explícitamente la comunicación visual, en tanto que la metodología y los contenidos se desarrollan principalmente a través de la expresión verbal. Esta situación de precariedad metodológica y docente afecta directamente a los resultados que el alumnado logra en sus trabajos y también a una peligrosa falta de criterio objetivo en las evaluaciones del profesorado. Este proyecto trata de paliar esta situación introduciendo los lenguajes visuales como herramienta educativa sin necesidad de traducción a los lenguajes verbales”.

Contacto:
Joaquín Roldán Ramírez. Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal. Universidad de Granada. Tfn: 958 246351. Correo electrónico: jroldanr@ugr.es

The World Countries Where Citizens Live Happy For More Years Spain 16th

Escrito por

The World Countries Where Citizens Live Happy For More Years Spain 16th

Spain holds position number 16 in the world ranking of countries where people live happier for more years, according to the last update of the World Database of Happiness (WDB Hap) in whose preparation have collaborated researchers of different Spanish universities, such as the University of Granada.

The countries\’ quality of life is measured using an indicator of \’Happy years of life\’, developed by the Erasmus University of Rotterdam (Holland). This indicator combines life assessment averages life expectancy averages, and shows how many years and how happy an average citizen lives in a certain country. The ranking of the countries is periodically published in the WDB Hap.

The last ranking includes 148 countries and covers more than 95% of the world population. It is possible to draw interesting conclusions from the information included. The inhabitants of Costa Rica hold the first position of this classification, with an average of 66.7 happy years of life, followed by Icelanders (with 66.4 years) and Danish (65 \’happy\’ years).

Zimbabwe, the unhappiest country

Zimbabwe, the country that holds the last position, is on the other side of the balance with only 12.5 happy years of life. The next one is Burundi (14.3 years) and Tanzania (14.4). Spain is at one of the first positions, with an average of 58.8 happy years of life, holding the position number 16 in the ranking of the 148 countries.

Our country exceeds its neighbours of France (52.8) and Portugal (44.6), but is also exceeded by two Latin American countries: people not only live more time and happier in Costa Rica, but also in Mexico (59.5 happy years).

All these findings shall be presented at the III OECD World Forum, held the 27-30 October in Busan (South Korea). This conference shall be focused on those indicators of social progress different to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The rate of Happy Years of Life hall be proposed as an alternative indicator
Descargar

Adolescents Think School Bullying ‘Will Keep On Happening’ And Resign Themselves To It

Escrito por

Adolescents Think School Bullying \’Will Keep On Happening\’ And Resign Themselves To It

Most of the adolescents think that bullying in the school context «has always happened and will continue happening», and present «a negative, pessimistic and resigned attitude» towards this social problem, which makes difficult the intervention and leaves few hopes for its eradication.

Those are the conclusions of a doctoral thesis carried out at the department of Evolutionary and Education Psychology of the University of Granada (Spain), which warns that, from the viewpoint of psycho-pedagogical action, «it is necessary to prove to the children that this type of behaviors do not have to go on forever, and that it is possible to do something to stop them» through more complete educative programs.

This work, whose objective was to find out the representation of adolescents about the phenomenon of bullying, has been conducted by professor Mª Jesús Caurcel Cara, and supervised by professors Fernando Justicia Justicia (UGR), Ana Mª Tomás Almeida (Universidade do Minho, Portugal) and Mª del Carmen Pichardo Martínez (UGR)

To carry out this work, the authors conducted a survey on 1,237 children aged between 11 and 16 years old from Granada and Braga (Portugal), who completed a questionnaire in order to get to know their perception about \’bullying\’. The researchers confirmed that, in school centers studied, there are conducts of victimization with an incidence rate of 7.3% of victims, 8.5% of abusers and 84.1% of audience \’children\’.

Bullying, «something natural»

Mª Jesús Caurcel has ascertained that «bullying in getting more and more integrated in the daily routine of interaction among groups of peers, is considered as something natural and has certain social approval». Schoolchildren approve abusers\’ behavior, and leave the victim isolated and unprotected.

The questionnaire applied to children revealed that, to describe the major figures of bullying, the participants use social stereotypes, characterizing their victims as passive persons, socially incompetent and who experiences unpleasant emotional states of anxiety, depression and insecurity; and the abuser as a strong, brave and extrovert person who experiences pleasant emotional states (a happy victimizer) which give him power and self-confidence, reinforce their status in the group and inhibit other social motivations to end up with the abuses.

Differences by sex

The research work carried out at the UGR has also proved that there are differences depending on sex on the social schoolchildren\’s perception of bullying. Girls condemn abuses in more critic way, respond with unpleasant emotions to them, reject this kind of situations and show more empathy to the victims, describing them with a wide set of positive characteristics, admitting their suffering and being able to share their emotional state.

On the other hand, boys highlighted in their categorizations the vulnerability and the moral responsibility of the victims and asserted, «they should feel guilty and ashamed».

Differences by age

As regards the differences found depending on the age of the participants in the study, the most accused differences were found among pre-adolescents aged between 11 and 12 years old and adolescents from 15 years old. «The perception of the victims\’ vulnerability and the intensity of the rejection against abusers became accentuated as adolescents grew older, which is due to a higher internalization of the social rules by children», explains Caurcel.

The study carried out at the UGR has permitted to detect connections, regularities and risk and protection factors which could be useful as starting points to implement appropriate, consistent and realistic interventions in the schools studied. In addition, it will contribute to determine the blocks to work with for direct intervention programs useful to help adolescents to get out of such a spiral of unjustified violence by themselves, with the support of the entire Education Community.
Descargar

Spain, In Position 16, Among The World Countries Where Citizens Live Happy For More Years`

Escrito por

Spain, In Position 16, Among The World Countries Where Citizens Live Happy For More Years`

Spain holds position number 16 in the world ranking of countries where people live happier for more years, according to the last update of the World Database of Happiness (WDB Hap) in whose preparation have collaborated researchers of different Spanish universities, such as the University of Granada.

Spain holds position number 16 in the world ranking of countries where people live happier for more years, according to the last update of the World Database of Happiness (WDB Hap) in whose preparation have collaborated researchers of different Spanish universities, such as the University of Granada.

The countries\’ quality of life is measured using an indicator of \’Happy years of life\’, developed by the Erasmus University of Rotterdam (Holland). This indicator combines life assessment averages life expectancy averages, and shows how many years and how happy an average citizen lives in a certain country. The ranking of the countries is periodically published in the WDB Hap.

The last ranking includes 148 countries and covers more than 95% of the world population. It is possible to draw interesting conclusions from the information included. The inhabitants of Costa Rica hold the first position of this classification, with an average of 66.7 happy years of life, followed by Icelanders (with 66.4 years) and Danish (65 \’happy\’ years).

Zimbabwe, the unhappiest country

Zimbabwe, the country that holds the last position, is on the other side of the balance with only 12.5 happy years of life. The next one is Burundi (14.3 years) and Tanzania (14.4). Spain is at one of the first positions, with an average of 58.8 happy years of life, holding the position number 16 in the ranking of the 148 countries.

Our country exceeds its neighbours of France (52.8) and Portugal (44.6), but is also exceeded by two Latin American countries: people not only live more time and happier in Costa Rica, but also in Mexico (59.5 happy years).

All these findings shall be presented at the III OECD World Forum, held the 27-30 October in Busan (South Korea). This conference shall be focused on those indicators of social progress different to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The rate of Happy Years of Life hall be proposed as an alternative indicator.
Descargar

Spain prepares to exhume grave of Garcia Lorca

Escrito por

Spain prepares to exhume grave of Garcia Lorca

Crews made final preparations Wednesday to exhume a mass grave in southern Spain thought to contain the remains of poet Federico Garcia Lorca, the most famous victim of Franco\’s repression.

Garcia Lorca, Spain\’s most widely acclaimed 20th century poet, was shot by supporters of right-wing General Francisco Franco at the start of Spain\’s 1936-39 civil war who denounced him as a republican, a Communist and a homosexual.

His body, along with three other men who faced the firing squad, is believed to have been dumped into a mass grave in Alfaca, one of six thought to be located near the town near Granada. Two other bodies may also have been buried there.

– The three archaeologists responsible for the opening of the mass grave at Alfacar will begin their work on Thursday morning – said the spokesman for the regional ministry of justice, Javier Giraldez.

Workers set up a large white canvas tent at the site where Garcia Lorca is thought to be buried — usually marked by flowers left by visitors as a tribute to the poet — to protect the privacy of family members of the deceased.

They will focus primarily on four small parcels that are likely to contain the remains of Garcia Lorca and the other men.

Any bones which are found will be sent for analysis to the University of Granada to enable families who wish to do so to identify their ancestors.

The excavation could take at least two months, according to the Granada branch a group called the Association for the Recovery of Historic Memory, a group that has been working since the late 1990s to help people locate the graves of loved ones who went missing during the war.

– People want to know where their relatives lay to heal their wounds. Lorca is just another body – said the president of the branch, Maribel Brenes.

The mass grave is being opened at the request of family members of other victims who are though to be buried with Garcia Lorca.

The poet\’s relatives have opposed the exhumation of his remains and have not provided samples of their DNA to make identification of his bones possible, leading some historians to speculate that Garcia Lorca\’s father may have secretly transported his bones to the family\’s summer home near Granada.

A tour guide at the home, the Huerta de San Vicente, expressed frustration Wednesday that the «body of the poet is of greater interest than his works» after a British visitor asked her where Garcia Lorca is buried.

– The dead buried at the grave at Lanjaron also near Granada where there are 4,500 bodies don\’t interest anyone. No dead person is more important than another – added the guide who spoke on condition that her name not be published because the subject was «difficult».

Garcia Lorca was just 38 when he was killed. His poems and plays, which deal with universal themes such as love, death, passion, cruelty and injustice, are widely studied at universities.

He is one of the roughly 130,000 civilians killed by Franco\’s forces who were never accounted for, according to an estimate by the Association for the Recovery of Historic Memory.

While the regime honoured its own dead, it left its opponents buried in hundreds of unmarked graves across the country which are only now being unearthed with the encouragement of Spain\’s Socialist government.
Descargar

Adolescents think school bullying ‘will keep on happening’ and resign themselves to it

Escrito por

Adolescents think school bullying \’will keep on happening\’ and resign themselves to it

Most of the adolescents think that bullying in the school context «has always happened and will continue happening», and present «a negative, pessimistic and resigned attitude» towards this social problem, which makes difficult the intervention and leaves few hopes for its eradication.

Those are the conclusions of a doctoral thesis carried out at the department of Evolutionary and Education Psychology of the University of Granada (Spain), which warns that, from the viewpoint of psycho-pedagogical action, «it is necessary to prove to the children that this type of behaviours do not have to go on forever, and that it is possible to do something to stop them» through more complete educative programmes.

This work, whose objective was to find out the representation of adolescents about the phenomenon of bullying, has been conducted by professor Mª Jesús Caurcel Cara, and supervised by professors Fernando Justicia Justicia (UGR), Ana Mª Tomás Almeida (Universidade do Minho, Portugal) and Mª del Carmen Pichardo Martínez (UGR)

To carry out this work, the authors conducted a survey on 1,237 children aged between 11 and 16 years old from Granada and Braga (Portugal), who completed a questionnaire in order to get to know their perception about \’bullying\’. The researchers confirmed that, in school centres studied, there are conducts of victimization with an incidence rate of 7.3% of victims, 8.5% of abusers and 84.1% of audience \’children\’.

Bullying, «something natural»

Mª Jesús Caurcel has ascertained that «bullying in getting more and more integrated in the daily routine of interaction among groups of peers, is considered as something natural and has certain social approval». Schoolchildren approve abusers\’ behaviour, and leave the victim isolated and unprotected.

The questionnaire applied to children revealed that, to describe the major figures of bullying, the participants use social stereotypes, characterizing their victims as passive persons, socially incompetent and who experiences unpleasant emotional states of anxiety, depression and insecurity; and the abuser as a strong, brave and extrovert person who experiences pleasant emotional states (a happy victimizer) which give him power and self-confidence, reinforce their status in the group and inhibit other social motivations to end up with the abuses.

Differences by sex

The research work carried out at the UGR has also proved that there are differences depending on sex on the social schoolchildren\’s perception of bullying. Girls condemn abuses in more critic way, respond with unpleasant emotions to them, reject this kind of situations and show more empathy to the victims, describing them with a wide set of positive characteristics, admitting their suffering and being able to share their emotional state.

On the other hand, boys highlighted in their categorizations the vulnerability and the moral responsibility of the victims and asserted, «they should feel guilty and ashamed».

Differences by age

As regards the differences found depending on the age of the participants in the study, the most accused differences were found among pre-adolescents aged between 11 and 12 years old and adolescents from15 years old. «The perception of the victims\’ vulnerability and the intensity of the rejection against abusers became accentuated as adolescents grew older, which is due to a higher internalization of the social rules by children», explains Caurcel.

The study carried out at the UGR has permitted to detect connections, regularities and risk and protection factors which could be useful as starting points to implement appropriate, consistent and realistic interventions in the schools studied. In addition, it will contribute to determine the blocks to work with for direct intervention programs useful to help adolescents to get out of such a spiral of unjustified violence by themselves, with the support of the entire Education Community.
Descargar

Spain, in position 16, among the world countries where citizens live happy for more years

Escrito por

Spain, in position 16, among the world countries where citizens live happy for more years

Spain holds position number 16 in the world ranking of countries where people live happier for more years, according to the last update of the World Database of Happiness (WDB Hap) in whose preparation have collaborated researchers of different Spanish universities, such as the University of Granada.

The countries\’ quality of life is measured using an indicator of \’Happy years of life\’, developed by the Erasmus University of Rotterdam (Holland). This indicator combines life assessment averages life expectancy averages, and shows how many years and how happy an average citizen lives in a certain country. The ranking of the countries is periodically published in the WDB Hap.

The last ranking includes 148 countries and covers more than 95% of the world population. It is possible to draw interesting conclusions from the information included. The inhabitants of Costa Rica hold the first position of this classification, with an average of 66.7 happy years of life, followed by Icelanders (with 66.4 years) and Danish (65 \’happy\’ years).

Zimbabwe, the unhappiest country

Zimbabwe, the country that holds the last position, is on the other side of the balance with only 12.5 happy years of life. The next one is Burundi (14.3 years) and Tanzania (14.4). Spain is at one of the first positions, with an average of 58.8 happy years of life, holding the position number 16 in the ranking of the 148 countries.

Our country exceeds its neighbours of France (52.8) and Portugal (44.6), but is also exceeded by two Latin American countries: people not only live more time and happier in Costa Rica, but also in Mexico (59.5 happy years).

All these findings shall be presented at the III OECD World Forum, held the 27-30 October in Busan (South Korea). This conference shall be focused on those indicators of social progress different to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The rate of Happy Years of Life hall be proposed as an alternative indicator.
Descargar

Adolescents think school bullying ‘will keep on happening’ and resign themselves to it

Escrito por

Adolescents think school bullying \’will keep on happening\’ and resign themselves to it

Most of the adolescents think that bullying in the school context «has always happened and will continue happening», and present «a negative, pessimistic and resigned attitude» towards this social problem, which makes difficult the intervention and leaves few hopes for its eradication.

Those are the conclusions of a doctoral thesis carried out at the department of Evolutionary and Education Psychology of the University of Granada (Spain), which warns that, from the viewpoint of psycho-pedagogical action, «it is necessary to prove to the children that this type of behaviours do not have to go on forever, and that it is possible to do something to stop them» through more complete educative programmes.

This work, whose objective was to find out the representation of adolescents about the phenomenon of bullying, has been conducted by professor Mª Jesús Caurcel Cara, and supervised by professors Fernando Justicia Justicia (UGR), Ana Mª Tomás Almeida (Universidade do Minho, Portugal) and Mª del Carmen Pichardo Martínez (UGR)

To carry out this work, the authors conducted a survey on 1,237 children aged between 11 and 16 years old from Granada and Braga (Portugal), who completed a questionnaire in order to get to know their perception about \’bullying\’. The researchers confirmed that, in school centres studied, there are conducts of victimization with an incidence rate of 7.3% of victims, 8.5% of abusers and 84.1% of audience \’children\’.

Bullying, «something natural»

Mª Jesús Caurcel has ascertained that «bullying in getting more and more integrated in the daily routine of interaction among groups of peers, is considered as something natural and has certain social approval». Schoolchildren approve abusers\’ behaviour, and leave the victim isolated and unprotected.

The questionnaire applied to children revealed that, to describe the major figures of bullying, the participants use social stereotypes, characterizing their victims as passive persons, socially incompetent and who experiences unpleasant emotional states of anxiety, depression and insecurity; and the abuser as a strong, brave and extrovert person who experiences pleasant emotional states (a happy victimizer) which give him power and self-confidence, reinforce their status in the group and inhibit other social motivations to end up with the abuses.

Differences by sex

The research work carried out at the UGR has also proved that there are differences depending on sex on the social schoolchildren\’s perception of bullying. Girls condemn abuses in more critic way, respond with unpleasant emotions to them, reject this kind of situations and show more empathy to the victims, describing them with a wide set of positive characteristics, admitting their suffering and being able to share their emotional state.

On the other hand, boys highlighted in their categorizations the vulnerability and the moral responsibility of the victims and asserted, «they should feel guilty and ashamed».

Differences by age

As regards the differences found depending on the age of the participants in the study, the most accused differences were found among pre-adolescents aged between 11 and 12 years old and adolescents from15 years old. «The perception of the victims\’ vulnerability and the intensity of the rejection against abusers became accentuated as adolescents grew older, which is due to a higher internalization of the social rules by children», explains Caurcel.

The study carried out at the UGR has permitted to detect connections, regularities and risk and protection factors which could be useful as starting points to implement appropriate, consistent and realistic interventions in the schools studied. In addition, it will contribute to determine the blocks to work with for direct intervention programs useful to help adolescents to get out of such a spiral of unjustified violence by themselves, with the support of the entire Education Community.

Part of the results of the research work have been published in the Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica, Electronical Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, Revista de Educación de la Universidad de Granada, Interamerican Journal of Psychology or the European Journal of Education and Psychology.
Descargar

Spain, in position 16, among the world countries where citizens live happy for more years

Escrito por

Spain, in position 16, among the world countries where citizens live happy for more years

Spain holds position number 16 in the world ranking of countries where people live happier for more years, according to the last update of the World Database of Happiness (WDB Hap) in whose preparation have collaborated researchers of different Spanish universities, such as the University of Granada.

The countries\’ quality of life is measured using an indicator of \’Happy years of life\’, developed by the Erasmus University of Rotterdam (Holland). This indicator combines life assessment averages life expectancy averages, and shows how many years and how happy an average citizen lives in a certain country. The ranking of the countries is periodically published in the WDB Hap.

The last ranking includes 148 countries and covers more than 95% of the world population. It is possible to draw interesting conclusions from the information included. The inhabitants of Costa Rica hold the first position of this classification, with an average of 66.7 happy years of life, followed by Icelanders (with 66.4 years) and Danish (65 \’happy\’ years).

Zimbabwe, the unhappiest country

Zimbabwe, the country that holds the last position, is on the other side of the balance with only 12.5 happy years of life. The next one is Burundi (14.3 years) and Tanzania (14.4). Spain is at one of the first positions, with an average of 58.8 happy years of life, holding the position number 16 in the ranking of the 148 countries.

Our country exceeds its neighbours of France (52.8) and Portugal (44.6), but is also exceeded by two Latin American countries: people not only live more time and happier in Costa Rica, but also in Mexico (59.5 happy years).

All these findings shall be presented at the III OECD World Forum, held the 27-30 October in Busan (South Korea). This conference shall be focused on those indicators of social progress different to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The rate of Happy Years of Life hall be proposed as an alternative indicator.

###

The report of the WDB Hap (World Database of Happiness) is available at: http://www.worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl/hap_nat/findingreports/RankReport2009-2d.htm

Please click here to consult a visual presentation of a world map of happiness: http://www.worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl/hap_nat/maps/RR-2dmap.html

Reference: Dr Débora Godoy Izquierdo. Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment of the University of Granada. Telephone number: +34 958 249 557. http://www.godoy-izquierdo.com E-mail: deborag@ugr.es

Prof Dr Ruut Veenhoven, Faculty of Social Sciences, Erasmus University of Rotterdam (Holland). Telephone number: +31 10 4082102. E-mail: veenhoven@fsw.eur.nl
Descargar

Lorca finden, ohne ihn zu suchen

Escrito por

Lorca finden, ohne ihn zu suchen

Es ist eine verwickelte Geschichte. Die andalusische Justizministerin Begoña Álvarez hat jetzt in Granada ein Abkommen mit dem Verein zur Wiedererlangung des Historischen Gedächtnisses und der Universität von Granada unterzeichnet, das die Öffnung von sechs mutmaßlichen Gräbern von Franco-Opfern in der Gemeinde Alfacar bei Granada vorsieht. Die Ausgräber werden dabei mit sehr großer Wahrscheinlichkeit auf die Überreste des berühmtesten spanischen Schriftstellers des 20. Jahrhunderts, Federico García Lorca, stoßen. Doch offiziell wird gar nicht nach Lorca gesucht, sondern nach anderen Mordopfern, die gemeinsam mit Lorca in den Tod gingen.

Wenn Knochen des Dichters ans Tageslicht kommen, werden sie liegen bleiben, wo sie sind: Lorcas Angehörige wollen keine Umbettung und auch keine DNS-Analyse. Der irische Hispanist und Lorca-Forscher Ian Gibson hat angekündigt, Spanien für immer zu verlassen, wenn mit den jetzigen Ausgrabungen nicht das Rätsel um Lorcas Grab und seine letzten Lebensstunden gelöst werden sollte.

Spaniens Umgang mit Lorca ist ein Lehrstück über Spaniens Umgang mit seiner jüngeren Geschichte. Lorca war gerade 38 Jahre alt, als er am frühen Morgen des 18. oder 19. August 1936 von Franco-Leuten erschossen wurde. Doch seine Gedichtbände und seine Theaterstücke hatten ihm bereits internationalen Ruhm eingebracht. So wurde sein Mord zum Symbol für die Grausamkeit der aufständischen Militärs unter dem General Francisco Franco, die Spaniens Zweite Republik in den Bürgerkrieg gestürzt hatten und nun mit systematischem Terror ihre politischen Gegner verfolgten. Die Opfer ließ man dort begraben, wo sie eben ermordet worden waren, und die meisten von ihnen liegen noch heute irgendwo in anonymen Gräbern verscharrt.

Werbung

Die Verbrechen der Franco-Diktatur sind vom demokratischen Spanien nie verfolgt, die Mordopfer nie gesucht worden. Erst durch die Privatinitiative des Journalisten Emilio Silva, der sich vor neun Jahren auf die Suche nach den Überresten seines republikanischen Großvaters machte, ist in Spanien eine Bewegung entstanden, die bis heute 200 Gräber geöffnet und an die 4000 Ermordete exhumiert hat.

Der Staat hält sich heraus: Selbst das «Gesetz über das Historische Gedächtnis», das die sozialistische Zapatero-Regierung vor zwei Jahren durchs spanische Parlament brachte, begreift die Suche nach den Opfern nur als humanitäre Geste, nicht als rechtsstaatlich unumgängliche Verbrechensaufklärung. Deswegen werden die Behörden nur aktiv, wenn Angehörige um Hilfe bitten. Deswegen hat sich bisher noch niemand auf die Suche nach Federico García Lorca gemacht: Seine Neffen und Nichten haben bis heute kein Interesse daran gezeigt, die Überreste ihres Onkels zu finden. Sie wollen, sagen sie, seine Totenruhe nicht stören.

Dass man Lorca in den kommenden Tagen oder Wochen wahrscheinlich trotzdem finden wird, ist den Nachfahren anderer Franco-Opfer zu danken, die auf die Exhumierung ihrer Angehörigen beharren, um ihnen eine würdige Bestattung zu ermöglichen. Lorca wurde gemeinsam mit einem republikanischen Dorfschullehrer und zwei Anarchisten erschossen – es sind die Angehörigen eines der Anarchisten, die nun auf die Ausgrabung dringen. Die Leichen Lorcas und der anderen drei Männer musste ein junger Kommunist noch in der Mordnacht an Ort und Stelle vergraben. Genau dort, am Ortsrand von Alfacar bei Granada, steht heute ein Gedenkstein. Doch ob sich darunter wirklich die Überreste der Toten befinden, ist bis heute nie untersucht worden.

Der Hispanist Ian Gibson, Autor der maßgeblichen Lorca-Biografie, wirft den Angehörigen García Lorcas vor, den Dichter wie ihr Eigentum zu behandeln – dabei sei Lorca das Eigentum der Welt. Er hofft, dass man Lorca findet, auch wenn man eigentlich gar nicht nach ihm sucht. «Alles was wir, die wir ihn bewundern, wollen, ist zu wissen, wie er starb.»
Descargar

Garcia Lorca, le mythe encombrant de la fosse d’Alfacar

Escrito por

Garcia Lorca, le mythe encombrant de la fosse d\’Alfacar

Perdue dans une pinède d\’Andalousie, soustraite aux regards, la fosse commune où serait enterré le plus célèbre disparu de la guerre civile espagnole, le poète Federico Garcia Lorca, est sur le point d\’être ouverte, mais elle ne livrera pas pour autant tous ses secrets.

La fosse d\’Alfacar, près de Grenade (sud), était entourée mercredi de clôtures métalliques et de bâches isolantes pour empêcher l\’accès à quiconque, en attendant le lancement jeudi des travaux d\’exhumation qui pourraient durer un à deux mois.

Des gardes surveillent nuit et jour ce lieu de sépulture caché sous un immense chapiteau blanc.

Cette débauche de mesures de sécurité répond surtout à la demande expresse de la famille du poète, qui veut garder le mythe intact et s\’est toujours opposée à son exhumation et à son identification.

Conformément à la loi dite de Mémoire historique, qui permet aux familles des disparus de la Guerre civile (1936-1939) et de la répression franquiste de récupérer les restes de leurs parents ou grand-parents, trois archéologues entameront jeudi l\’exhumation des corps qui reposeraient aux côtés de Lorca.

La fosse sera ouverte à la demande des familles de quatre autres disparus, dont deux anarchistes fusillés par des franquistes en même temps que Lorca et le maître d\’école Galindo en août 1936, un mois après le début de la guerre civile.

«Les gens veulent savoir où se trouvent leur parent pour fermer leurs blessures. Lorca, ce n\’est qu\’un corps de plus», explique la présidente de l\’Association de récupération de la mémoire historique de Grenade, Maribel Brenes.

«Je respecte la décision de la famille de Lorca, sans comprendre en quoi son identification changerait quelque chose», ajoute-t-elle.

Même si la famille de Lorca et celle du maître d\’école refusent à ce jour de donner leur ADN, tous les ossemements retrouvés à Alfacar seront envoyés pour analyse au laboratoire médico-légal de l\’université de Grenade.

Ils y seront comparés aux échantillons d\’ADN fournis par les descendants des autres victimes reposant dans la fosse. Le rapport final ne sera pas connu avant trois, voire six mois.

Le refus catégorique de la famille Lorca a relancé les théories de certains historiens qui affirment par exemple que son père aurait transporté secrètement ses restes dans la maison d\’été familiale la Huerta de San Vicente, à Grenade.

Une des rares questions posées mercredi lors de la visite touristique de cette maison transformée en musée par un touriste anglais portait sur l\’endroit où est enterré Lorca, au désespoir de la guide, «excédée» de voir que «le cadavre du poète intéresse plus que son oeuvre».

«Les morts enterrés dans la fosse de Lanjaron, (près de Grenade également, ndlr) où se trouvent près de 4.500 cadavres, n\’intéressent personne. Il n\’y a pas de mort plus important qu\’un autre», martèle la guide qui veut garder l\’anonymat sur ce sujet «difficile».

«L\’ouverture d\’une fosse ne sert qu\’à une seule chose: démontrer qu\’il y a eu un génocide en Espagne que l\’Europe doit reconnaître en tant que tel», affirme-t-elle.

Selon l\’Association de récupération de la mémoire historique, 11.000 personnes sont portées disparues dans la seule région de Grenade, enterrées probablement dans près de 80 fosses communes. Dans toute l\’Espagne, elles seraient 130.OOO.

Lorca affirmait que «rien n\’est plus vivant qu\’un souvenir». La saga à rebondissements sur la localisation de son corps achève de lui donner raison.
Descargar