Alimentazione sana e bambini: meglio quando cucina la mamma

Bambini e adolescenti a rischio obesità. Ma quali i fattori principali che influiscono in senso positivo e negativo sul sovrappeso? Una nuova ricerca dalla Spagna

 

Un nuovo studio pubblicato su Nutrición hospitalaria ha indagato su due aspetti principali legati alla salute e al sovrappeso dei bambini: la cucina e l’attività fisica.

Lo studio condotto dall’Università di Granada in particolare ha messo in relazione la figura preposta alla cucina in famiglia e lo stato di salute dei bambini e degli adolescenti.

Quando è la madre ai fornelli sembrerebbe da questa ricerca che il rischio di obesità sia ridotto.

Questo elemento secondo i ricercatori è tanto più vero quando nelle abitudini del bambino è previsto un buon movimento fisico.

Internet, televisione e video giochi sono a volte la causa di una vita troppo sedentaria che ha come risultato un aumento di peso.

La donna nella maggior parte dei casi secondo questo studio è la figura che meglio, all’interno della famiglia, sa scegliere gli alimenti più adatti per la salute del bambino.

La ricerca è stato condotta su un campione di 718 bambini e adolescenti di età compresa tra i 9 e i 17 anni.

Oltre alla raccolta di dati legati al peso e alla massa corporea ai ragazzi è stato somministrato un questionario per capire l’influenza familiare sulle abitudini di consumo alimentare e sulla pratica dell’attività fisica.

Descargar


Anisakis signalé parmi les poissons capturés au nord du Maroc

Des scientifiques de l’Université de Grenade ont découvert que parmi les poissons capturés dans les eaux du nord du Maroc et qui sont très consommés par la population de ce pays, il existe une forte prédominance d’anisakis, le parasite qui provoque l’anisakiose, une maladie qui se contracte par ingestion de poisson cru ou à moitié cru. Les chercheurs ont analysé pour la première fois la prédominance d’anisakis dans le nord du Maroc, un pays pour lequel l’exportation de la pêche et la consommation de poisson constituent un atout économique important. 

Leur travail a ainsi révélé que les chinchards et les maquereaux blancs capturés dans les eaux du nord du Maroc offrent un taux élevé d’anisakis, bien que faiblement dans la musculature. Les scientifiques ont élu ces poissons parce qu’ils sont très consommés au Maroc et, de plus, parce qu’une partie de la population les mange crus, ce qui favorise l’infection avec le parasite.

Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la consommation de maquereau blanc de moindre poids serait une bonne mesure prophylactique face à l’anisakiose, étant donné que le poids du poisson est inversement proportionnel à la probabilité que le parasite se trouve dans la musculature.
Un pourcentage élevé

Les scientifiques de l’Université de Grenade ont trouvé de l’anisakis dans 67,9% des maquereaux blancs capturés dans les eaux de l’Atlantique et dans 57% de ceux capturés en Méditerranée, et, quant au Chinchard, dans 56,8% et 52,8%, respectivement.

De plus, l’identification génétique des larves recueillies dans ces poissons et analysées moyennant la technique dénommée PCR-RPLF indiquent que l’espèce dominante d’anisakis est A. pegreffii, aussi bien dans les eaux atlantiques que méditerranéennes du nord du Maroc, tandis que l’espèce A. simplex s.s. est faiblement représentée.

Les scientifiques ont vérifié pour la première fois que la population marocaine choisie au hasard était sensibilisée face à ces allergènes d’anisakis, tout en signalant que «les chiffres de séro-prédominance sont bas, même chez les pêcheurs, qui constituent une sous-population à risque.»

L’auteure de ce travail est Naima Abattouy, de Département de Parasitologie de l’Université de Grenade, avec la collaboration des professeurs Joaquina Martín Sánchez, Adela Valero López et Josefa Lozano Maldonado.

Référence bibliographique: Abattouy, N.; Valero, A.; Benajiba, M.H.; Lozano, J.; Martín-Sánchez, J. (2011): Anisakis simplex s.l. parasitization in marckerel (Scomber japonicus) caught in the North of Marocco – Prevalence and analysis of risk factors. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 150: 136-139

Descargar


Ideal

Pág. 4: DIOS Y EL CEREBRO

Pág. 5: Las cenizas del doctor Olóriz serán inhumadas hoy en el cementerio de San José

Pág. 11: El software libre toma la Universidad

475 euros por 20 horas a la semana

Pág. 22 y 23: Josefina Molina: ‘Los andaluces algunas
veces hemos cambiado el mundo’

Pág. 25 – Opinión: Federico Olóriz Aguilera, granadino Ilustre

Pág. 27 – Opinión: La Universidad y la ciudad

Pág. 53: Heidegger, según Rodríguez

La carga cultural de las imágenes, objeto de un trabajo de estudio de la UGR

Pág. 65: Agenda:

– Libros: ‘Tras la muerte del aura’ y ‘Para una lectura de Heidegger’

– Exposiciones: ‘Las criptógamas en los cinco reinos’

– Exposiciones: ‘La profundidad de la piel’

– Exposiciones: ‘Ausencia y presencia’

Descarga por URL: http://sl.ugr.es/01ns

Descargar


Granada Hoy

Pág. 18: Daniel P. Cardinali imparte una charla en Medicina

‘La profundidad de la piel’

Pág. 20 y 21: La cultura, la empresa y la igualdad

Descarga por URL: http://sl.ugr.es/01np

Descargar


Explication de l’Oubli Induit par la Récupération (OIR)

Explication de la raison pour laquelle, lorsque nous récupérons une partie de l’information associée à un souvenir, nous avons du mal à nous souvenir du reste.

Ce phénomène est connu dans le domaine de la Psychologie comme Oubli Induit par la Récupération (OIR), et les scientifiques ont déterminé le processus cognitif chargé de le produire ainsi la durée des effets de ce genre d’oubli. Pour mener à bien cette recherche, ses auteurs ont élaboré différentes activités mnésiques dans lesquelles les participants doivent étudier un matériel déterminé, puis récupérer partiellement l’information étudiée. Cette tâche a été dessinée à différents niveaux de difficulté et avec différents types de matériels, et appliquée aussi bien à des jeunes (étudiants universitaires) qu’à des personnes âgées (une moyenne de 65 ans).

En premier lieu, les participants apprennent une série de mots organisée, par exemple, par catégories sémantiques. Lors d’une seconde phase, on présente aux participants une série de pistes afin qu’ils se souviennent de la moitié des exemplaires de la moitié des catégories touchées. Après cela, on leur pose des questions sur tous les éléments étudiés lors de la première phase. On observe là que les éléments qui n’ont pas été rappelés pendant la seconde phase mais faisant partie des catégories pratiquées, se rappellent encore moins que les éléments non récupérés lors de la seconde phase et qui font également partie de catégories non récupérées par la mémoire.
Deux questions non résolues

L’objectif de ce travail a été d’approfondir dans la caractérisation du mécanisme de contrôle cognitif impliqué dans l’Oubli Induit par la Récupération (OIR). Bien que certaines propriétés de ce phénomène soient déjà connus, deux questions importantes n’ont pas encore été résolues: le caractère contrôlé automatique du mécanisme responsable de réduire l’accessibilité des traits de mémoire, et les paramètres temporels de cette faible accessibilité.

Les scientifiques de l’UGR ont résolu ces deux questions et ont corroboré le caractère adaptatif de l’Oubli Induit par la Récupération. Il s’agit d’un effet qui se produit comme conséquence de l’action d’un mécanisme de contrôle cognitif qui s’avère efficace même chez des personnes présentant un certain déficit dans le contrôle exécutif. Ce mécanisme permet de réduire l’accessibilité de traits qui, autrement, pourraient affecter la récupération d’information objective, mais qui, cependant, montre ses effets de façon plus ou moins persistante, en fonction du type d’information qui se voit affectée par lui. Loin de produire des effets permanents de perte d’accessibilité, l’information oubliée peut se récupérer avec normalité en peu de temps si elle occupe un espace central dans la structure cognitive de l’individu.

L’auteure principale de ce travail est Almudena Ortega, du Département de Psychologie Expérimentale de l’Université de Grenade, avec les professeurs Teresa Bajo Molina (Université de Grenade) et Carlos J. Gómez Ariza (Université de Jaén). Une partie des résultats de cette recherche a été publiée dans la revue Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, memory and Cognition.

Descargar


A study describes liquid water diffusion at molecular level

An article published in Physical Review E and conducted by Spanish researchers at the universities of Granada and Barcelona might lead to a revolutionary change in water desalination and filtration methods.
Researchers at the universities of Granada and Barcelona have described for the first time the diffusion of liquid water through nanochannels in molecular terms; nanochannels are extremely tiny channels with a diameter of 1-100 nanometers that scientists use to study the behavior of molecules (nm. a unit of length in the metric system equal to one billionth of a meter that is used in the field of nanotechnology).
This study might have an important impact on water desalinization and filtration methods. Two articles published in Science state that the introduction of graphene membranes and carbon nanolayers will revolutionize water desalinization and filtration processes, as water diffuses rapidly through these materials when their pores are 1nm in diameter.
Liquid water exhibits a range of unusual properties that other chemical compounds do not have: up to 65 abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities have been known for 300 years, as the fact that water expands below 4ºC.
Many of the abnormalities found in water have a dynamic nature -e.g. water molecules move faster as density increases-, as a result of the properties of the hydrogen bond networks that form between water molecules; hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of tetrahedral structures wherein a central atom is located at the center with four molecules located at the corners. However, this geometrical structure changes with pressure and temperature and, until now, changes in the molecular structure and properties of liquid water had not been described.
A Mystery to Solve
Particularly confusing are the results on the diffusion of water confined between two hydrophobic plates. Neither experiments nor computer-based models have clarified whether confinement increases or reduces the mobility of water molecules. However, it seems that the mobility of water molecules relies on ducts having a diameter above or below 1nm.
In a study published in the prestigious journal Physical Review, professors Francisco de los Santos Fernández (University of Granada) and Giancarlo Franzese (University of Barcelona) described the behavior of water confined between two hydrophobic plates. In their study, Franzese and Fernandez used models to demonstrate that the diffusion of nanoconfined water is unusually fast, as a result of the competition between the formation and breaking of hydrogen bonds, and the free volume available for cooperative molecule rearrangement.
In nanochannels above 1 nm in diameter, macroscopic diffusion of water only occurs if there is a cooperative rearrangement of molecules, which leads to HB breaking within a cooperative region of 1nm in size. On the other hand, diffusion increases in nanochannels below 1 nm, as fewer HBs need to be broken. Thus, this study proves that the interplay between hydrogen bond breaking and cooperative rearranging within regions of 1-nm determine the macroscopic properties of water.
More information: F. de los Santos and G. Franzese, Phys. Rev. E 85, 010602(R) (2012). http://link.aps.or … vE.85.010602
Provided by University of Granada
Descargar


A study describes liquid water diffusion at molecular level

A study describes liquid water diffusion at molecular level

Potential arrangement of 12 water molecules and their HBs within the cooperative 1nm region.
Abstract:
– An article published in Physical Review and conducted by researchers at the universities of Granada and Barcelona might lead to a revolutionary change in water desalination and filtration methods.

– Liquid water exhibits a range of unusual properties that other chemical compounds do not have: up to 65 abnormalities. Nanochannels are extremely tiny ducts 1-100 nm in diameter.

A study describes liquid water diffusion at molecular level

Spain | Posted on February 24th, 2012
Researchers at the universities of Granada and Barcelona have described for the first time the diffusion of liquid water through nanochannels in molecular terms; nanochannels are extremely tiny channels with a diameter of 1-100 nanometers that scientists use to study the behavior of molecules (nm. a unit of length in the metric system equal to one billionth of a meter that is used in the field of nanotechnology).
This study might have an important impact on water desalinization and filtration methods. Two articles published in Science state that the introduction of graphene membranes and carbon nanolayers will revolutionize water desalinization and filtration processes, as water diffuses rapidly through these materials when their pores are 1nm in diameter.

Liquid water exhibits a range of unusual properties that other chemical compounds do not have: up to 65 abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities have been known for 300 years, as the fact that water expands below 4ºC.

Many of the abnormalities found in water have a dynamic nature -e.g. water molecules move faster as density increases-, as a result of the properties of the hydrogen bond networks that form between water molecules; hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of tetrahedral structures wherein a central atom is located at the center with four molecules located at the corners. However, this geometrical structure changes with pressure and temperature and, until now, changes in the molecular structure and properties of liquid water had not been described.

A Mystery to Solve

Particularly confusing are the results on the diffusion of water confined between two hydrophobic plates. Neither experiments nor computer-based models have clarified whether confinement increases or reduces the mobility of water molecules. However, it seems that the mobility of water molecules relies on ducts having a diameter above or below 1nm.

In a study published in the prestigious journal Physical Review, professors Francisco de los Santos Fernández (University of Granada) and Giancarlo Franzese (University of Barcelona) described the behavior of water confined between two hydrophobic plates. In their study, Franzese and Fernandez used models to demonstrate that the diffusion of nanoconfined water is unusually fast, as a result of the competition between the formation and breaking of hydrogen bonds, and the free volume available for cooperative molecule rearrangement.

In nanochannels above 1 nm in diameter, macroscopic diffusion of water only occurs if there is a cooperative rearrangement of molecules, which leads to HB breaking within a cooperative region of 1nm in size. On the other hand, diffusion increases in nanochannels below 1 nm, as fewer HBs need to be broken. Thus, this study proves that the interplay between hydrogen bond breaking and cooperative rearranging within regions of 1-nm determine the macroscopic properties of water.

####

For more information, please click here

fdlsant@ugr.es

Copyright © University of Granada

Descargar


A new radiotherapy technique significantly reduces irradiation of healthy tissue

Researchers at the University of Granada and the university hospital Virgen de las Nieves in Granada have developed a new radiotherapy technique that is much less toxic than that traditionally used and only targets cancerous tissue

This new protocol provides a less invasive but equally efficient cancer postoperative treatment for cases of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx.
The study -conducted between 2005 and 2008- included 80 patients diagnosed with epidermoid cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, who had undergone lymph node removal. The affected nodes were located by the surgeon during the intervention and classified into different risk levels. Classification allowed physicians to target the areas at a higher risk of recurrence. This way, neck areas at a lower risk of containing residual cancer cells were not irradiated. Researchers achieved both to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy, and to reduce treatment discontinuation, thus achieving the therapy to be more effective.
A Highly Toxic Treatment
Over 70% of oral and pharynx cancer treated with surgery require supplementary treatment with radiotherapy occasionally associated to chemotherapy, because of the high risk for recurrence and spread through the lymph nodes. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are highly toxic, mainly due to the ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the oral cavity; toxicity leads may patients to stop the treatment, which significantly reduces the chances of cure.
By using the risk map obtained with the collaboration of the surgeon and the pathologist, an individualized treatment was designed and adapted to the specific risk level of recurrence in each neck area. The volume of tissue irradiated was significantly smaller than that usually irradiated with traditional techniques.
This trial was led by the radiation oncologist at the university hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Miguel Martínez Carrillo, and conducted in collaboration with the Services of Radiation Oncology, Medical Physics, Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology of the university hospital Virgen de las Nieves, and the University of Granada Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine
After a three-year follow up, using this new technique, scientists achieved to reduce the volume of irradiated tissue in 44% of patients. By this new technique, irradiation of an average volume of 118 cc of tissue was avoided. A total of 95% of patients completed radiotherapy and presented significantly lower toxicity than patients treated with the traditional technique. Recurrence rates did not increase.
This study was coordinated by University of Granada professors Rosario del Moral Ávila and José Mariano Ruiz de Almodóvar Rivera. The results of this study will be published in the next issue of the journal Radiation Oncology.
Provided by University of Granada

Descargar


New, less toxic radiotherapy technique specifically targets cancerous tissue

Researchers at the University of Granada and the university hospital Virgen de las Nieves in Granada have developed a new radiotherapy technique that is much less toxic than that traditionally used and only targets cancerous tissue.

 

This new protocol provides a less invasive but equally efficient cancer postoperative treatment for cases of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx.

The study -conducted between 2005 and 2008- included 80 patients diagnosed with epidermoid cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, who had undergone lymph node removal. The affected nodes were located by the surgeon during the intervention and classified into different risk levels. Classification allowed physicians to target the areas at a higher risk of recurrence. This way, neck areas at a lower risk of containing residual cancer cells were not irradiated. Researchers achieved both to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy, and to reduce treatment discontinuation, thus achieving the therapy to be more effective.

A Highly Toxic Treatment

Over 70% of oral and pharynx cancer treated with surgery require supplementary treatment with radiotherapy occasionally associated to chemotherapy, because of the high risk for recurrence and spread through the lymph nodes. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are highly toxic, mainly due to the ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the oral cavity; toxicity leads may patients to stop the treatment, which significantly reduces the chances of cure.

By using the risk map obtained with the collaboration of the surgeon and the pathologist, an individualized treatment was designed and adapted to the specific risk level of recurrence in each neck area. The volume of tissue irradiated was significantly smaller than that usually irradiated with traditional techniques.

Descargar


A study describes liquid water diffusion at molecular level

An article published in Physical Review and conducted by researchers at the universities of Granada and Barcelona might lead to a revolutionary change in water desalination and filtration methods.

Researchers at the universities of Granada and Barcelona have described for the first time the diffusion of liquid water through nanochannels in molecular terms; nanochannels are extremely tiny channels with a diameter of 1-100 nanometers that scientists use to study the behavior of molecules (nm. a unit of length in the metric system equal to one billionth of a meter that is used in the field of nanotechnology).

This study might have an important impact on water desalinization and filtration methods. Two articles published in Science state that the introduction of graphene membranes and carbon nanolayers will revolutionize water desalinization and filtration processes, as water diffuses rapidly through these materials when their pores are 1nm in diameter.

Liquid water exhibits a range of unusual properties that other chemical compounds do not have: up to 65 abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities have been known for 300 years, as the fact that water expands below 4ºC.

Many of the abnormalities found in water have a dynamic nature -e.g. water molecules move faster as density increases-, as a result of the properties of the hydrogen bond networks that form between water molecules; hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of tetrahedral structures wherein a central atom is located at the center with four molecules located at the corners. However, this geometrical structure changes with pressure and temperature and, until now, changes in the molecular structure and properties of liquid water had not been described.

A Mystery to Solve

Particularly confusing are the results on the diffusion of water confined between two hydrophobic plates. Neither experiments nor computer-based models have clarified whether confinement increases or reduces the mobility of water molecules. However, it seems that the mobility of water molecules relies on ducts having a diameter above or below 1nm.

In a study published in the prestigious journal Physical Review, professors Francisco de los Santos Fernández (University of Granada) and Giancarlo Franzese (University of Barcelona) described the behavior of water confined between two hydrophobic plates. In their study, Franzese and Fernandez used models to demonstrate that the diffusion of nanoconfined water is unusually fast, as a result of the competition between the formation and breaking of hydrogen bonds, and the free volume available for cooperative molecule rearrangement.

In nanochannels above 1 nm in diameter, macroscopic diffusion of water only occurs if there is a cooperative rearrangement of molecules, which leads to HB breaking within a cooperative region of 1nm in size. On the other hand, diffusion increases in nanochannels below 1 nm, as fewer HBs need to be broken. Thus, this study proves that the interplay between hydrogen bond breaking and cooperative rearranging within regions of 1-nm determine the macroscopic properties of water.

Source: University of Granada

Descargar


A new radiotherapy technique significantly reduces irradiation of healthy tissue

Researchers at the University of Granada and the university hospital Virgen de las Nieves in Granada have developed a new radiotherapy technique that is much less toxic than that traditionally used and only targets cancerous tissue.

 

This new protocol provides a less invasive but equally efficient cancer postoperative treatment for cases of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx.

The study -conducted between 2005 and 2008- included 80 patients diagnosed with epidermoid cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, who had undergone lymph node removal. The affected nodes were located by the surgeon during the intervention and classified into different risk levels. Classification allowed physicians to target the areas at a higher risk of recurrence. This way, neck areas at a lower risk of containing residual cancer cells were not irradiated. Researchers achieved both to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy, and to reduce treatment discontinuation, thus achieving the therapy to be more effective.

A Highly Toxic Treatment

Over 70% of oral and pharynx cancer treated with surgery require supplementary treatment with radiotherapy occasionally associated to chemotherapy, because of the high risk for recurrence and spread through the lymph nodes. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are highly toxic, mainly due to the ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the oral cavity; toxicity leads may patients to stop the treatment, which significantly reduces the chances of cure.

By using the risk map obtained with the collaboration of the surgeon and the pathologist, an individualized treatment was designed and adapted to the specific risk level of recurrence in each neck area. The volume of tissue irradiated was significantly smaller than that usually irradiated with traditional techniques.

This trial was led by the radiation oncologist at the university hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Miguel Martínez Carrillo, and conducted in collaboration with the Services of Radiation Oncology, Medical Physics, Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology of the university hospital Virgen de las Nieves, and the University of Granada Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine

After a three-year follow up, using this new technique, scientists achieved to reduce the volume of irradiated tissue in 44% of patients. By this new technique, irradiation of an average volume of 118 cc of tissue was avoided. A total of 95% of patients completed radiotherapy and presented significantly lower toxicity than patients treated with the traditional technique. Recurrence rates did not increase.

This study was coordinated by University of Granada professors Rosario del Moral Ávila and José Mariano Ruiz de Almodóvar Rivera. The results of this study will be published in the next issue of the journal Radiation Oncology.

Source: University of Granada

Descargar


New study describes liquid water diffusion at molecular level

Researchers at the universities of Granada and Barcelona have described for the first time the diffusion of liquid water through nanochannels in molecular terms; nanochannels are extremely tiny channels with a diameter of 1-100 nanometers that scientists use to study the behavior of molecules (nm. a unit of length in the metric system equal to one billionth of a meter that is used in the field of nanotechnology).
This study might have an important impact on water desalinization and filtration methods. Two articles published in Science state that the introduction of graphene membranes and carbon nanolayers will revolutionize water desalinization and filtration processes, as water diffuses rapidly through these materials when their pores are 1nm in diameter. 

Potential arrangement of 12 water molecules and their HBs within the cooperative 1nm region.
Liquid water exhibits a range of unusual properties that other chemical compounds do not have: up to 65 abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities have been known for 300 years, as the fact that water expands below 4ºC.
Many of the abnormalities found in water have a dynamic nature -e.g. water molecules move faster as density increases-, as a result of the properties of the hydrogen bond networks that form between water molecules; hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of tetrahedral structures wherein a central atom is located at the center with four molecules located at the corners. However, this geometrical structure changes with pressure and temperature and, until now, changes in the molecular structure and properties of liquid water had not been described.
A Mystery to Solve
Particularly confusing are the results on the diffusion of water confined between two hydrophobic plates. Neither experiments nor computer-based models have clarified whether confinement increases or reduces the mobility of water molecules. However, it seems that the mobility of water molecules relies on ducts having a diameter above or below 1nm.
In a study published in the prestigious journal Physical Review («Relations between the diffusion anomaly and cooperative rearranging regions in a hydrophobically nanoconfined water monolayer»), professors Francisco de los Santos Fernández (University of Granada) and Giancarlo Franzese (University of Barcelona) described the behavior of water confined between two hydrophobic plates. In their study, Franzese and Fernandez used models to demonstrate that the diffusion of nanoconfined water is unusually fast, as a result of the competition between the formation and breaking of hydrogen bonds, and the free volume available for cooperative molecule rearrangement.
In nanochannels above 1 nm in diameter, macroscopic diffusion of water only occurs if there is a cooperative rearrangement of molecules, which leads to HB breaking within a cooperative region of 1nm in size. On the other hand, diffusion increases in nanochannels below 1 nm, as fewer HBs need to be broken. Thus, this study proves that the interplay between hydrogen bond breaking and cooperative rearranging within regions of 1-nm determine the macroscopic properties of water.

Descargar