Las enfermedades pueden ayudar a crear obras maestras

Cleopatra, Haëndel, Julio César, Lope de Vega, Cervantes, Paganini, Calderón de la Barca, Isabel II, Alonso Cano, Nietzsche, Alicia de Larrocha, Van Gogh… Son miles los casos, pero ante la imposibilidad de plasmar todos, Blas Gil Extremera, catedrático de la Universidad de Granada, se ha decidido por 100 personajes -o genios- y los ha recopilado en un libro (de 426 páginas) que refleja claramente que las enfermedades (más o menos graves) no son un obstáculo, y que incluso gracias a ellas podemos disfrutar de grandes obras maestras: «y no es a pesar de su estado de salud, sino gracias al mismo», confirma Blas Gil.

Mediante Enfermos Ilustres, que cuenta con el prólogo del escritor peruano Mario Vargas Llosa, el autor pretende dar otro enfoque sobre los trastornos y las afecciones, a la vez que llenar de esperanza a los que actualmente sufren cualquier padecimiento, desterrando la idea de que «una persona enferma ya no puede hacer nada». Resulta paradójico que ante la extendida visión pesimista de cualquier enfermedad, se encuentre otra menos popular, que es precisamente la que refleja este libro: el dolor puede acentuar la capacidad creadora de la persona hasta el punto de llegar a convertirla en un genio. La semilla de este volumen la sembró «hace ya muchos años Gregorio Marañón al escribir sobre el Conde Duque de Olivares» en la misma línea que en el nuevo volumen, afirma Blas Gil.

El ejemplar se presentó ayer en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada, e intenta mostrar «la interrelación existente entre enfermedad, obra y persona». Y es precisamente este hecho el que determina la enorme complejidad surgida a la hora de elaborar esta nuevo libro. «No existe un diagnóstico de la inmensa mayoría de estos personajes ya que la medicina no estaba muy avanzada y las referencias son poco precisas», por lo que el autor ha tenido que realizar una interpración de todo ello y dar él mismo una evaluación. «La relación entre este dictamen y la obra del personaje también ha resultado muy difícil», destacó Blas Gil.

Ciertamente, en la antigüedad la esperanza de vida era bajísima, pero estos personajes fueron capaces de sobreponerse y elaborar sus obras. George Friedrich Haëndel escribía operas para su teatro de Londres y dirigía a la orquesta, «lo que unido a los problemas económicos le provocaron un ictus cerebral del que se recuperó insólitamente y por completo». La milagrosa curación hizo que su música cambiara. «De ahí que como agradecimiento a Dios elaborará el Aleluya y su obra derivase hacía la religión», comenta Gil.

«La gente no se suele dar cuenta de los avances médicos que hemos experimentado» y gracias a ellos se pueden controlar las dolencias que antes suponían la muerte, como la diabetes.

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El Mundo

Pág. 32: El fiscal no ve delito en la censura del “Jesús Gay”

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La Universidad se aliará con centros de prestigio para lograr la Excelencia

La UGR refuerza sus agregaciones con centros, instituciones y empresas provinciales, regionales y extranjeras de Biosalud y TIC para el CEI de 2010 · Además del campus internacional, se fortalecerán áreas estratégicas de formación

La Universidad de Granada tiene perfectamente definida su estrategia para volver a optar al Campus de Excelencia Internacional con proyectos reforzados y adaptados a la segunda convocatoria del Gobierno. Su gran apuesta para 2010 radica en una red de alianzas que está tejiendo entre centros, instituciones y empresas punteras de Biosalud y TIC (nuevas tecnologías) no sólo en la provincia, sino en toda Andalucía y en el extranjero.

El Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba o el Hospital Reina Sofía de dicha provincia; el Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga o el Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía; empresas líderes en nuevas tecnologías como Nueva Soft o universidades europeas y estadounidenses, entre otras, son algunas de las entidades que se van a incorporar a la larga lista de agregaciones que suma la UGR en su consolidado proyecto de Excelencia Internacional (CEI), que en la primera edición obtuvo la designación de campus ‘Prometedor’.

Sólo la Universidad Rovira y Virgil de Tarragona, la Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona, la Politécnica de Madrid, las dos universidades públicas de Valencia y la de Sevilla (que en esta edición se ha aliado en un proyecto nuevo con Málaga) obtuvieron la misma calificación en 2009 que, además de ser beneficiadas con 4 millones de euros cada una, les da la oportunidad de pasar directamente a la fase final del concurso 2010.

«Granada está abierta a cualquier institución y empresa Bio o TIC que tenga algo que aportar a nuestro proyecto», explican fuentes universitarias que defienden la fortaleza de la estrategia ideada en 2009. De hecho, en la primera convocatoria, el comité de selección del Ministerio de Educación y de Innovación llegó a decir a los representantes de la UGR: «No toquéis nada». Y obtuvo por unanimidad la mejor calificación entre las seis primeras universidades españolas y también el mayor montante económico de Andalucía (7 millones de euros).

La agregación estratégica más allá de la frontera provincial es además el mejor medio para explotar una de las grandes fortalezas de la Universidad de Granada, la internacionalización (la UGR es la universidad que más Erasmus atrae de Europa) y de conseguir la visibilidad de su investigación más especializada, una asignatura pendiente en las instituciones superiores españolas.

El CEI es un sello de calidad internacional cuya financiación se estima será para esta edición unos 90,5 millones de euros a repartir entre los mejores proyectos universitarios, de los cuales 15,5 son para subvenciones y 75 para préstamos. Su objetivo es mejorar la calidad de las universidades españolas y su reconocimiento en el extranjero. Y las vías que se priman para conseguirlo son la agregación, la especialización, la diferenciación y la internacionalización de los campus.

El pasado 31 de mayo el Ministerio de Educación cerró el plazo para presentar proyectos en dos subprogramas: el de Excelencia, al que opta la UGR con una conversión de la estrategia de 2009, incorporándose directamente a la segunda fase; y el de Fortalecimiento, cuya cuantía tendrá un máximo de 1,5 millones de euros por universidad, pero permitirá a las universidades la consolidación de sus campus en modalidades aún vírgenes.

La UGR ha presentado propuestas para los ocho subprogramas de Fortalecimiento que ha lanzado el Gobierno como novedad este año. Cursos especializados para una Formación Profesional de alto nivel, con especial atención a los de Biosalud y TIC, es lo que plantea el IL3 de Granada en el apartado de «Desarrollo de Centros de FP en los campus». Un proyecto de investigación de las mejores Escuelas de Doctorado y de Posgrado del mundo en materia biosanitaria y de nuevas tecnologías para importar ideas y estrategias al CEI de Granada. La elaboración de una política de actuación para atraer talentos centrada en las tesis doctorales de la UGR. O la rehabilitación de los colegios mayores y residencias estudiantiles son algunos de las modalidades que serán financiadas con un máximo de 100.000 euros para cada universidad.

Otro apartado que la Universidad de Granada quiere fortalecer es su presencia en el norte de África. Para el apartado de «Actuaciones preparatorias de campus transfronterizos», la UGR apostará por su vinculación a Marruecos, ya que gestiona los centros superiores de Ceuta y Melilla. La convocatoria del CEI 2010 contempla la financiación (de hasta 100.000 euros también) para aquellas universidades que estrechen lazos con países transfronterizos, concretamente para dos con Francia, dos con Portugal y una con Marruecos. A esta última optará la UGR.

La única modalidad de consolidación de fortalezas que puede ser premiada con hasta un millón de euros es la de «Adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior», a la que todas las universidades optarán a la desesperada. La UGR ha propuesto para ello la adecuación de sus aulas y espacios con equipamiento TIC incluido.

En el apartado público privado, la Universidad de Granada ha propuesto la creación de una Oficina de Medios Audiovisuales (OMA), con la radio y la televisión ‘on-line’ (IP: Internet Protocol) como medios estratégicos. Este apartado estará dotado entre 20.000 y 300.000 euros como máximo.

Y, por último, en la modalidad de «Accesibilidad universal a personas con discapacidad en la construcción y rehabilitación de alojamientos universitarios, la UGR, conjuntamente con la ONCE apuesta por un Plan de Info-Accesibilidad, en su línea para potenciar las nuevas tecnologías.

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Ideal

Pág. 2: Familias de Granada acusan a un supuesto gurú de la capital de esclavizar a sus hijas

Pág. 3: Archivada la causa por la muestra “Circus Christi”

Pág. 8: Dulce encuentro

Pág. 11: Los practicum

Pág. 12: Pintar la casa pero no cambiarla

Pág. 35: El ictus de “El Mesías” |Recopiladas “Las semblanzas granadinas” de Emilio Orozco Díaz

Pág. 40: Investigadores del CSIC y la UGR describen una larga falla que va de Cádiz a Alicante

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New system for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s developed

A new computer program has been developed that allows early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease through processed images.

This new system, developed by researchers of the University of Granada, has enhanced successful early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease up to 90 percent, which is an important progress within this area of study.

To test this new automated computer-assisted diagnosis, the researchers of the University of Granada used SPECT and PET tomographies from three different databases.

The first database contains 97 de-identified SPECT images, which were labeled by experts and provided by Dr. Manuel Gomez-Río and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, university hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.

The second database contains 60 PET images provided by the company PET- Cartuja (Seville).

The third was the largest database, and it had 219 PET images provided by ADNI (United States).

These databases included brain CT scans from aged patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or with normal development patterns.

A series of algorithms were developed, which allowed the identification of brain areas affected by the disease, and helped in distinguishing diseased patients from healthy ones.

The three methods presented in this study attained 90 percent success rate in identifying Alzheimer through CT –both PET and SPECT.

These results were partially published in the journals Information Sciences (2010), Neuroscience Letters (2009) and Electronics Letters (2009).

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New system for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s developed

A new computer program has been developed that allows early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease through processed images.

This new system, developed by researchers of the University of Granada, has enhanced successful early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease up to 90 percent, which is an important progress within this area of study.

To test this new automated computer-assisted diagnosis, the researchers of the University of Granada used SPECT and PET tomographies from three different databases.

The first database contains 97 de-identified SPECT images, which were labeled by experts and provided by Dr. Manuel Gomez-Río and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, university hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.

The second database contains 60 PET images provided by the company PET- Cartuja (Seville).

The third was the largest database, and it had 219 PET images provided by ADNI (United States).

These databases included brain CT scans from aged patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or with normal development patterns.

A series of algorithms were developed, which allowed the identification of brain areas affected by the disease, and helped in distinguishing diseased patients from healthy ones.

The three methods presented in this study attained 90 percent success rate in identifying Alzheimer through CT –both PET and SPECT.

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Granada Hoy

Portada: La Universidad se unirá a centros punteros de todo el mundo para lograr la Excelencia

Págs. 6 y 7: La Universidad se aliará con centros de prestigio para lograra la Excelencia |El IL3: una Formación Profesional de alto nivel |Los mejores talentos universitarios irán a Granada

Pág. 11: Un hito en el panorama marroquí

Pág. 16: Las enfermedades pueden ayudar a crear obras maestras

Pág. 17: “Recortar en investigación y educación es un error y no ayuda en nada a la economía”

Pág. 18: El fiscal archiva la denuncia por el cierre de la exposición del Cristo gay

Pág. 19: Cuarenta alumnos de Derecho terminan sus prácticas en la Jefatura

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Researchers develop new computer program for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

Researchers of the University of Granada have developed a new computer program that allows early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease through processed images. This new system has enhanced successful early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease up to 90%, which is an important progress within this area of study.

The study was conducted by professor Ignacio Alvarez Illán, a member of SIPBA (Signal Processing and Biomedical Applications) TIC-010 of the University of Granada, and supervised by professors Juan Manuel Górriz Sáez, Javier Ramírez Pérez de Inestrosa and Carlos García Puntonet.

Scientists of the University of Granada have validated some new techniques for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease through a series of processed images. These techniques were successfully tested, and promising results were obtained. This study is part of a wider project -still under development- which purpose is developing a complete software for clinical use in hospitals. It is being developed in cooperation with the companies PET-Cartuja and PTEC, and it belongs to the prizewinning project PETRI-DENCLASES, which was rewarded at the III Premios Andalucía Sociedad de la Información 2010 edition, a prize awarded by the Andalusian Regional Government to companies contributing to an enhanced information society.

The research group has cooperated with the international project ADNI (Alzheimer’s Disease NeuroImaging Initiative),  which confers an international character to the study, and has enabled the use of one of the largest database in the world concerning Alzheimer’s disease.

Tomograms

To test this new automated computer-assisted diagnosis, the researchers of the University of Granada used SPECT and PET tomographies from three different databases. The first database contains 97 de-identified SPECT images which were labeled by experts and provided by Dr. Manuel Gómez-Río and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, university hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. The second database contains 60 PET images provided by the company PET- Cartuja (Seville). The third was the largest database, and it had 219 PET images provided by ADNI (United States).

These databases included brain CT scans from aged patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or with normal development patterns. A series of algorithms were developed, which allowed the identification of brain areas affected by the disease, and helped in distinguishing diseased patients from healthy ones.

The three methods presented in this study attained 90% success rate in identifying Alzheimer through CT -both PET and SPECT. At present, a computer software is being developed jointly with the company PTEC (Malaga) to translate these results into a software that can be used in hospitals. Thus, neurologists will have a tool as precise as a team of experts.

These results were partially published in the journals Information Sciences (2010), Neuroscience Letters (2009) and Electronics Letters (2009).

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Anxiety affects attention processes

A research conducted at the University of Granada, Spain, has identified the different effects of being of a nervous disposition and being anxious at a given moment on what happens around us. Being of a nervous disposition and being anxious at a given moment affects our attention to what happens.
 
This finding will help improve the treatment of anxiety disorders, so common in our days. In fact, anxiety has become one of the most common conditions among the population, which can explain the negative connotations usually associated to this term.

The study was developed by Antonia Pilar Pacheco-Unguetti, Alberto Acosta, Alicia Callejas and Juan Lupiáñez, from the department of Experimental Psychology and Behavioural Physiology of the University of Granada. It will be published in the next issue of the prestigious journal Psychological Science.

Two Types of Anxiety

There are two types of anxiety: trait anxiety, which is a quality of personality that indicates a tendency to feel anxiety and restlessness; and state anxiety, which is an emotional reaction raised in response to a stressful situation or context. Therefore, the later it is of a more immediate and ephemeral nature.

However, the difference between trait and state anxiety has not been identified or established for decades, on the grounds that both types of anxiety make individuals more receptive to negative information, to the detriment of positive or neutral information.

The researchers from the University of Granada have evaluated whether these subtypes of anxiety affect attention differently. To the purpose of this study, an attention test prepared by the researchers was provided to some participants with high and low trait anxiety values, and to other groups of students that had been previously induced to a high state of anxiety or to a positive emotional state.

The results revealed double dissociation in attentional performance. Cognitive control networks of participants with high trait anxiety values showed a deficient attentional performance. Cognitive control networks are responsible for conflict resolution and voluntary action control, functions which are related to the prefrontal cortex. Conversely, the participants with high state anxiety presented an overfunctioning of the alerting and orienting networks, which are attention networks more heavily influenced by the process of analysis of stimuli.

The results obtained provide first evidence that trait and state anxiety affect attention processes differently. Further, from these results, it can be concluded that such influence is present in situations where emotional information processing is not required. This dissociation may help develop specific therapies allowing patients with anxiety disorders to control themselves. The aim is to help patients reinforce efficient mechanisms to focus on the demands of the situation by inhibiting distracting information.

More information: References:

Bishop, S.J. (2009). Trait anxiety and impoverished prefrontal control of attention. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 92-98.

Bishop, S.J., Jenkins, R., y Lawrence, A.D. (2007). Neural processing of fearful faces: Effects of anxiety are gated by perceptual capacity limitations. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 1595-1603.

Callejas, A., Lupiáñez, J., y Tudela, P. (2004). The three attentional networks: On their independence and interactions. Brain and Cognition, 54(3), 225-227.

Pacheco-Unguetti, A. P., Acosta, A., Callejas, A., y Lupiáñez, J. (en prensa). Attention and anxiety: Different attentional functioning under state and trait anxiety. Psychological Science.

Pacheco-Unguetti, A. P., Lupiáñez, J., y Acosta, A. (2009). Atención y ansiedad: relaciones de la alerta y el control con la ansiedad rasgo. Psicológica, 30, 1-25.

Posner, M. I., y Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25-42.

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Anxiety affects attention processes

A research conducted at the University of Granada has identified the different effects of being of a nervous disposition and being anxious at a given moment on what happens around us. Being of a nervous disposition and being anxious at a given moment affects our attention to what happens.

This finding will help improve the treatment of anxiety disorders, so common in our days. In fact, anxiety has become one of the most common conditions among the population, which can explain the negative connotations usually associated to this term.

The study was developed by Antonia Pilar Pacheco-Unguetti, Alberto Acosta, Alicia Callejas and Juan Lupiáñez, from the department of Experimental Psychology and Behavioural Physiology of the University of Granada. It will be published in the next issue of the prestigious journal Psychological Science.

Two Types of Anxiety

There are two types of anxiety: trait anxiety, which is a quality of personality that indicates a tendency to feel anxiety and restlessness; and state anxiety, which is an emotional reaction raised in response to a stressful situation or context. Therefore, the later it is of a more immediate and ephemeral nature.

However, the difference between trait and state anxiety has not been identified or established for decades, on the grounds that both types of anxiety make individuals more receptive to negative information, to the detriment of positive or neutral information.

The researchers from the University of Granada have evaluated whether these subtypes of anxiety affect attention differently. To the purpose of this study, an attention test prepared by the researchers was provided to some participants with high and low trait anxiety values, and to other groups of students that had been previously induced to a high state of anxiety or to a positive emotional state.

The results revealed double dissociation in attentional performance. Cognitive control networks of participants with high trait anxiety values showed a deficient attentional performance. Cognitive control networks are responsible for conflict resolution and voluntary action control, functions which are related to the prefrontal cortex. Conversely, the participants with high state anxiety presented an overfunctioning of the alerting and orienting networks, which are attention networks more heavily influenced by the process of analysis of stimuli.

The results obtained provide first evidence that trait and state anxiety affect attention processes differently. Further, from these results, it can be concluded that such influence is present in situations where emotional information processing is not required. This dissociation may help develop specific therapies allowing patients with anxiety disorders to control themselves. The aim is to help patients reinforce efficient mechanisms to focus on the demands of the situation by inhibiting distracting information.

Descargar


New system developed for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

Researchers of the University of Granada have developed a new computer program that allows early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease through processed images. This new system has enhanced successful early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease up to 90%, which is an important progress within this area of study.

The study was conducted by professor Ignacio Alvarez Illán, a member of SIPBA (Signal Processing and Biomedical Applications) TIC-010 of the University of Granada, and supervised by professors Juan Manuel Górriz Sáez, Javier Ramírez Pérez de Inestrosa and Carlos García Puntonet.

Scientists of the University of Granada have validated some new techniques for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease through a series of processed images. These techniques were successfully tested, and promising results were obtained. This study is part of a wider project ¬–still under development– which purpose is developing a complete software for clinical use in hospitals. It is being developed in cooperation with the companies PET-Cartuja and PTEC, and it belongs to the prizewinning project PETRI-DENCLASES, which was rewarded at the III Premios Andalucía Sociedad de la Información 2010 edition, a prize awarded by the Andalusian Regional Government to companies contributing to an enhanced information society.

The research group has cooperated with the international project ADNI (Alzheimer’s Disease NeuroImaging Initiative), which confers an international character to the study, and has enabled the use of one of the largest database in the world concerning Alzheimer’s disease.

Tomograms

To test this new automated computer-assisted diagnosis, the researchers of the University of Granada used SPECT and PET tomographies from three different databases. The first database contains 97 de-identified SPECT images which were labeled by experts and provided by Dr. Manuel Gómez-Río and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, university hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. The second database contains 60 PET images provided by the company PET- Cartuja (Seville). The third was the largest database, and it had 219 PET images provided by ADNI (United States).

These databases included brain CT scans from aged patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or with normal development patterns. A series of algorithms were developed, which allowed the identification of brain areas affected by the disease, and helped in distinguishing diseased patients from healthy ones.

The three methods presented in this study attained 90% success rate in identifying Alzheimer through CT –both PET and SPECT. At present, a computer software is being developed jointly with the company PTEC (Malaga) to translate these results into a software that can be used in hospitals. Thus, neurologists will have a tool as precise as a team of experts.

These results were partially published in the journals Information Sciences (2010), Neuroscience Letters (2009) and Electronics Letters (2009).

Reference: Ignacio Alvarez Illán. Group SIPBA (Signal Processing and Biomedical Applications), TIC-010 of the University of Granada. Phone: +34 958 240 459. E-mail: illan@ugr.es

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New system developed for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

Researchers of the University of Granada, Spain, have developed a new computer program that allows early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease through processed images. This new system has enhanced successful early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease up to 90%, which is an important progress within this area of study.

The study was conducted by professor Ignacio Alvarez Illán, a member of SIPBA (Signal Processing and Biomedical Applications) TIC-010 of the University of Granada, and supervised by professors Juan Manuel Górriz Sáez, Javier Ramírez Pérez de Inestrosa and Carlos García Puntonet.

Scientists of the University of Granada have validated some new techniques for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease through a series of processed images. These techniques were successfully tested, and promising results were obtained. This study is part of a wider project -still under development – which purpose is developing a complete software for clinical use in hospitals. It is being developed in cooperation with the companies PET-Cartuja and PTEC, and it belongs to the prizewinning project PETRI-DENCLASES, which was rewarded at the III Premios Andalucía Sociedad de la Información 2010 edition, a prize awarded by the Andalusian Regional Government to companies contributing to an enhanced information society.

The research group has cooperated with the international project ADNI (Alzheimer’s Disease NeuroImaging Initiative), which confers an international character to the study, and has enabled the use of one of the largest database in the world concerning Alzheimer’s disease.

Tomograms

To test this new automated computer-assisted diagnosis, the researchers of the University of Granada used SPECT and PET tomographies from three different databases. The first database contains 97 de-identified SPECT images which were labeled by experts and provided by Dr. Manuel Gómez-Río and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, university hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. The second database contains 60 PET images provided by the company PET- Cartuja (Seville). The third was the largest database, and it had 219 PET images provided by ADNI (United States).

These databases included brain CT scans from aged patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or with normal development patterns. A series of algorithms were developed, which allowed the identification of brain areas affected by the disease, and helped in distinguishing diseased patients from healthy ones.

The three methods presented in this study attained 90% success rate in identifying Alzheimer through CT -both PET and SPECT. At present, a computer software is being developed jointly with the company PTEC (Malaga) to translate these results into a software that can be used in hospitals. Thus, neurologists will have a tool as precise as a team of experts.

These results were partially published in the journals Information Sciences (2010), Neuroscience Letters (2009) and Electronics Letters (2009).

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