Empezar con buen pie

– Empezar con buen pie

La Universidad en España va por libre respecto al inicio y el fin de curso por lo que el debate para comenzar en septiembre y converger con Europa está abierto

España va por libre. Aquello del ‘Spain is different’ puede aplicarse a muchos y muy variados aspectos de la vida en nuestro país y la Educación es uno de ellos. La configuración del calendario lectivo universitario choca frontalmente en algunos meses del año con los periodos festivos. El debate para configurar un nuevo planning de semestres y trimestres para converger con Europa está en las aulas. Sin ir más lejos la Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades Españolas (CRUE) proponía después de uno de sus últimos encuentros que el curso comenzara en septiembre y que finalizara un mes antes de lo habitual, en mayo. Además plantearon la posibilidad de adelantar los exámenes extraordinarios al mes de junio o julio.

El presidente de la CRUE, Ángel Gabilondo, explicó que de todos los calendarios de Europa de las universidades, el diferente es el español. “Si queremos la movilidad de los estudiantes no podemos permitirnos el lujo de tener diferencias en este ámbito”, apuntó.

La vuelta de vacaciones en enero

El mes de enero, tal y como está configurado el actual calendario lectivo, es el más vacío en cuanto a clases en las universidades españolas. La vuelta a las aulas se produce en la segunda semana de este mes, tras la festividad de Reyes. La actividad lectiva no dura ni dos semanas pues los estudiantes fuerzan el corte de las clases para tener un colchón de días para estudiar. Por todo ello, el presidente de la CRUE consideró que enero es un mes “infecundo”.

Por ello, Gabilondo cree que lo lógico sería “empezar el curso en septiembre, a primeros, acabar en Navidad, y hacer ahí el primer trimestre; volver después y, a finales de mayo, acabar el curso con un examen final”. Durante el mes siguiente, se indicaría a los estudiantes con malas notas cómo pueden mejorar, con vistas a un nuevo examen que sería en junio o julio.

El decano de la Facultad de Educación y Humanidades de Ceuta, Javier González, confirmó que el debate en torno a esta cuestión está abierto y que lleva unos pocos años así. Por el momento existe un enrocamiento. Apostar por el adelanto supondría alterar trámites extrauniversitarios como la selectividad. Ceuta, en este caso, ejerce de segundo de abordo de un barco que capitanea Granada: “Las veces que el equipo rector de la Universidad se ha planteado adelantar el inicio de curso se ha topado con la celebración de los exámenes de repesca de la selectividad y los extraordinarios de las propias carreras”.

Sólo algunas universidades de Cataluña y algunos estudios de ingeniería de aquella región se desmarcan de la tendencia general y siguen las pautas europeas, según apuntó González.

Al parecer no son pocos los que defienden los beneficios que reportaría a la Universidad y a los propios estudiantes empezar más temprano las clases. “Cierto sector de opinión considera que no habría que seguir esperando para que se aplique esta medida”, precisó el decano de la Facultad de Educación y Humanidades de Ceuta.

Mientras tanto, la comunidad universitaria de Ceuta se mantiene al tanto de los acuerdos a los que pueda llegar la Universidad de Granada. Los contactos entre las entidades andaluzas se seguirán produciendo. Ceuta seguirá los pasos de Granada en lo que en un sentido u otro se decida finalmente.

El presidente de los rectores precisó que no se trata de quitar ninguna convocatoria, “sino que, en vez de septiembre, que se haga antes; esto significa también cambiar la selectividad”. Gabilondo afirmó que en septiembre se presentan muy pocos estudiantes y los resultados no suelen ser muy positivos.
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Researchers from the University of Granada prove that men and women activate stereotypes of competence and sociability respectively

Are stereotypes and prejudices automatically activated when we notice someone? How do women react when they are faced with the traditional gender roles?

A group of scientists from the University of Granada has studied for the first time from a scientific point of view gender driven prejudices, proving that both stereotypes and prejudices can be modified in spite of the automaticity of stereotyping and even though they are implicit (that is to say, people do not realize them).
The study was carried out by Doctor Soledad de Lemus Martín and directed by Miguel Moya Morales and Juan Lupiáñez Castillo, professors of the Department of Social Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Methodology and Experimental Psychology and Behavioural Physiology.

Gender-based differences
The researchers from the University of Granada have proven that a man’s image associated with masculinity activates a mental structure of competence, whereas when we see a woman we activate the social one. This is because these are the conventional domains in which we usually categorize them.

The results of this study prove that when we see someone in a concrete social context, the qualities associated with competence (efficacy, motivation, intelligence and their antonyms) are more activated when we judge men or women in their traditional roles (the man in an office as a leader and the woman as a housewife). However, the qualities related to sociability (kindness, understanding, sensibility and their antonyms) are notably more activated in counter-stereotype contexts (a man doing the housework and a woman as a leader).

Furthermore, women react at an emotional level, judging men more negatively when they are in their traditional roles, whereas it changes significantly when they play counter-stereotype roles
Practical applications
The study has significant practical applications for preventing stereotypes and prejudices towards disadvantaged groups. The researchers have pointed out that even though gender stereotypes represent a better distribution of society, prejudices can also be used strategically by lower-status groups in order to thwart the social disadvantage.
These findings are of great significance since there was no scientific evidence suggesting that a member of a disadvantaged group could react in such a spontaneous way before a threat to the identity of his group.

According to the researchers “it would be interesting to develop the possible uses of prejudice as a strategy for social change and a way to observe if women do not only react negatively to maintain gender equality but also develop positive behavioural strategies to promote social equality”.
The results of this research have been accepted for their publication in Spanish in the ‘Psicológica’ journal (included in the database of “Science Citation Index”), as well as in other international specialized magazines.

Reference
Professor Soledad de Lemus Martín
Department od Social Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Methodology.
Mobile phone: 658 198 404. Email address. slemus@ugr.es
Professor Miguel Moya Morales. Email address. mmoya@ugr.es
Professor Juan Lupiáñez Castillo. Mobile phone: 649 015 741. Email address. jlupiane@ugr.es


Scientifics have compiled temperature data of the 20th century in Spain as an evidence of the climatic change

This research work is the first step to confirm the existence of a temperature change. Their main goal has been “to detect the signs of the Climatic Change through the temperatures in Spain”, explained to SINC the researcher of the department of Applied Physics of the Universidad de Granada and main author, Matthias Staudt.

The compilation of maximum and minimum temperature series of every month since the end of the 19th century until the beginning of the 21st century has not always been an easy task. The data, which have been collected in 45 Spanish observatories, were not “homogeneous” in every case. In climatology, a series of data (temporary series) is considered as homogeneous when its content reflects exclusively the climatic evolution (this is, when the different indexed factors are absent). Therefore, the researchers’ work has mainly consisted in removing inhomogeneous “pollution” in data.

According to the scientist, analysing the quality of the data –which were published in November in the International Journal of Climatology– becomes, the “best method to believe in the final results”. “Technical preparation is essential to take the second step and do research into the rise of temperature at an unquestionable statistical level”, he added.

Data homogeneization
Changing a thermometer which has been calibrated in a different way is one of the factors why temperature data usually present incoherencies. In addition, the different reading interpretations of a human being or the frequent location changes of the observatories (changes from a urban environment to an airport, altitude changes, etc.) are problems with which the scientific team has had to deal with.“
Moving a thermometer without recording this fact gives rise to a very strange result which can not be explained 50 years later”, explained Staudt. Besides this, there are human typographical errors which present “non-homogeneous” data.

Scientists have been working for five years to find out, evaluate and repair the data series. “In order to make them as reliable as possible without converting them into a pretext for those reluctant to admit the existence of the Climatic Change”, explained the researcher. Although he admits that he has not obtained absolute conclusions, he has managed to establish a “normality” criterion in the behaviour of temperatures. “With a high level of probability, a qualitative decrease of seven degrees from April to May is not normal, as there should be a rise in any case”, he said.

Due to the homogeneization problems specified in the analysed monthly series, the researchers have set themselves a very strict “detection of un-homogeneities” criterion. Despite this, the instrumental error in a temperature measurement is in the order of 0.1ºC, and the error of a difference between data, previously treated with the homogeneization method, rises to the order of 0.4ºC. This error is not negligible but anyway it is “considerably smaller than the gross data”.

To come to conclusions that confirm climatic change in Spain, at a high level of reliability, this technical work involves a “necessary and obvious effort”. Staudt said that “the results obtained about the Climatic Change are not new, but they will confirm what we (almost) already knew”.

M, Staudt, M.J. Esteban-Parra, Y. Castro-Diez. “Homogenization of long-term monthly Spanish temperature data”, International Journal of Climatology 27 (13): 1809-1823 Nov.15 2007.

Just for the media: Universidad de Granada. amarin@ugr.es. Phone number. 958 242935.


Científicos han compilado los datos de temperaturas del siglo XX en España como evidencia del Cambio Climático

Esta investigación es el primer paso para afirmar la existencia de un cambio en las temperaturas. Su principal objetivo ha sido “detectar las señales del Cambio Climático a través de las temperaturas en España”, explicó a SINC el investigador del departamento de Física Aplicada de la Universidad de Granada y autor principal, Matthias Staudt.

La recopilación de las series de temperaturas máximas y mínimas de cada mes desde finales del siglo XIX hasta principios del siglo XXI no ha sido siempre tarea fácil. Los datos, que se han recogido en 45 observatorios españoles, no eran en todos los casos “homogéneos”. En climatología, una serie de datos (serie temporal) se considera homogénea cuando su contenido refleja exclusivamente la evolución climática (es decir, cuando los diversos factores indeseados están ausentes). Por lo tanto, el trabajo de los investigadores ha consistido principalmente en eliminar la “contaminación” inhomogénea en los datos.

Tratar la calidad de los datos -que se publicaron en noviembre pasado en la revista International Journal of Climatology– se convierte, según el científico, “en el mejor método para creer en los resultados finales”. “La preparación técnica es imprescindible para dar el segundo paso e investigar el aumento de las temperaturas a un nivel estadístico indiscutible”, añadió.

Homogeneización de los datos
Cambiar un termómetro calibrado de forma diferente es uno de los factores por los que los datos sobre temperaturas suelen presentar incoherencias. Además, las diferentes interpretaciones de lectura de un ser humano o los frecuentes cambios de lugar de los observatorios (cambio de entorno de urbano a aeropuerto, cambio de altitud, etc.) son problemas con los que el equipo de científicos ha tenido que mediar.

“Al cambiar de sitio el termómetro sin apuntar este hecho da lugar a un resultado muy extraño que 50 años más tarde nadie sabe explicar”, indicó Staudt. Se añaden a esto los errores humanos de tipo tipográfico que presentan datos “inhomogéneos”.

Los científicos han trabajado durante cinco años para averiguar, valorar y reparar las series de datos. “Para que éstos sean lo más fiables posible y para que no sea un pretexto para los más reacios a admitir el Cambio Climático”, argumentó el investigador. Aunque admite no haber llegado a “certezas absolutas”, se ha establecido un criterio de “normalidad” en el comportamiento de las temperaturas. “Con alta probabilidad, no es normal un descenso cualitativo de siete grados de abril a mayo, cuando debería ser un aumento, en todo caso”, precisó.

Debido al conjunto de problemas de homogeneidad concretados en las series mensuales analizadas, los investigadores se han impuesto un criterio de “detección de inhomogeneidades” muy estricto. A pesar de ello, el error instrumental en una medición de temperatura es del orden de 0,1ºC, y el error de una diferencia entre datos, anteriormente tratados con el método de homogeneización, se eleva al orden de 0,4ºC. Este error no es despreciable, pero en todo “considerablemente menor que en los datos en bruto”.

Para llegar a conclusiones que confirmen el cambio climático en España, a un nivel alto de confianza, este trabajo técnico supone un “esfuerzo necesario y obvio”. Staudt declaró que “los resultados sobre el Cambio Climático que se han obtenido no son nuevos, pero confirmarán lo que ya (casi) se sabía”.

M, Staudt, M.J. Esteban-Parra, Y. Castro-Diez. “Homogenization of long-term monthly Spanish temperature data”, International Journal of Climatology 27 (13): 1809-1823 Nov.15 2007.

Sólo para medios: Universidad de Granada. amarin@ugr.es. Tel. 958 242935.
Fuente: SINC.


Investigadores de la UGR demuestran que los hombres activan estereotipos de competencia y las mujeres de sociabilidad

¿Se activan los estereotipos y el prejuicio de género de manera automática cuando percibimos a una persona? ¿Cómo reaccionan las mujeres cuando se les presentan los roles estereotípicos de género?

Un grupo de científicos de la Universidad de Granada ha estudiado por primera vez desde un punto de vista científico los prejuicios asociados al género, demostrando que los estereotipos y prejuicios se pueden modificar a pesar de ser automáticos y actuar de forma implícita (es decir, sin que la persona sea consciente de ello).

La investigación ha sido realizada por la doctora Soledad de Lemus Martín, y dirigida por los profesores del departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento y Psicología Experimental y Fisiología del Comportamiento, Miguel Moya Morales y Juan Lupiáñez Castillo.

Diferencias por géneros
Los científicos de la UGR han demostrado que cuando se nos presenta una imagen de hombre asociada a la masculinidad, activamos un esquema mental de competencia, dado que ésta es la dimensión común para categorizarlo, mientras que cuando se nos presenta una imagen de mujer, activamos un esquema mental de sociabilidad por el mismo motivo.

Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto que cuando percibimos a una persona en un contexto social determinado, los rasgos asociados a la dimensión de competencia (eficacia, motivación, inteligencia y sus antónimos) se activan más cuando evaluamos tanto a hombres como a mujeres que están desempeñando sus roles tradicionales (el hombre como directivo en una oficina y la mujer como ama de casa). Sin embargo, los rasgos asociados a la dimensión de sociabilidad (simpatía, comprensión, sensibilidad y sus antónimos) se activan relativamente más en los contextos contra-estereotípicos (el hombre haciendo las tareas del hogar y la mujer como directivo).

Además, las mujeres reaccionan a nivel afectivo, evaluando de manera más negativa a los hombres cuando se las entrena en una distribución de roles tradicionales, mientras que este efecto se reduce significativamente cuando se las entrena en roles contra-estereotípicos.

Aplicaciones prácticas
La investigación tiene importantes implicaciones prácticas para intervenir en la reducción de estereotipos y prejuicios hacia grupos en desventaja social. Especialmente, los responsables de la investigación señalan que si bien los estereotipos de género reflejan más las características estructurales de la sociedad, el prejuicio puede ser empleado de manera estratégica por los grupos con menor estatus para contrarrestar la situación social de desigualdad.

Este resultado es de gran importancia, ya que hasta ahora no existía ninguna evidencia empírica de que un miembro de un grupo desfavorecido reaccionara de forma tan automática a una amenaza para la identidad de su grupo.

De cara a investigaciones futuras, “será interesante desarrollar las posibilidades del uso del prejuicio como estrategia de cambio social y ver si las mujeres no sólo reaccionan de manera negativa a los intentos por mantener la desigualdad de género, sino que además ponen en marcha estrategias conductuales positivas para fomentar la igualdad social”, apuntan los autores de este trabajo.

Los resultados de esta investigación han sido aceptados para su publicación en castellano en la revista ‘Psicológica’ (incluida en la base de datos de “Science Citation Index”), así como en otras revistas especializadas del área de ámbito internacional.

Referencia
Profesora Soledad de Lemus Martín
Dpto. Psicología Social y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento
Tel. móvil: 658 198 404. Correo e. slemus@ugr.es

Prof. Miguel Moya Morales. Correo e. mmoya@ugr.es

Prof. Juan Lupiáñez Castillo. Tel. móvil: 649 015 741. Correo e. jlupiane@ugr.es


Principales acuerdos de la sesión ordinaria del Consejo de Gobierno

El Rector, Prof. Francisco González Lodeiro, ha presidido en la mañana del lunes, día 4 de febrero, sesión ordinaria del Consejo de Gobierno por primera vez como Rector de la Universidad de Granada.
El Rector ha presentado en su informe, a los miembros del Consejo de Gobierno, las personas que forman su equipo de gobierno, y ha detallado los nombramientos realizados en los pasados días, que se completarán en breve y se incluirán próximamente en la página web de la Universidad de Granada.

Los miembros del Consejo de Gobierno han llegado a los siguientes acuerdos:

– Adaptación de los Estatutos de la Universidad de Granada a la Ley Orgánica 4/2007, de 12 de abril, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 6/2001, de 21 de diciembre, de Universidades: Se ha acordado por asentimiento constituir una Comisión para aprobar la normativa de aplicación más urgente para el cumplimiento de la LO 4/2007.

– Aprobación de renovación de Postgrados y Títulos de Másteres Oficiales y nuevas propuestas para el curso 2008-09. Se han aprobado por asentimiento una relación de postgrados y títulos de master, así como nuevos postgrados y tres Erasmus Mundus.

– Procedimiento para la emisión del certificado de evaluación de la calidad de la actividad docente. Se ha aprobado por asentimiento el documento presentado por el Vicerrectorado para la Garantía de la Calidad sobre el Procedimiento para la Evaluación de la Actividad Docente del profesorado de la Universidad de Granada. Se trata de un procedimiento de carácter provisional para poder evaluar la calidad de la actividad docente, a efectos de dar cumplimiento a lo dispuesto en el R.D. 1312/2007 de 5 de octubre, de cara a la acreditación nacional para el acceso a los cuerpos docentes universitarios. Se ha aprobado, asimismo, una Comisión de Evaluación, encargada de llevar a cabo la valoración y, en su caso, las recomendaciones de mejora.

– Aprobación de la adecuación técnica de la Relación de Puestos de Trabajo del Personal de Administración y Servicios de la UGR, debido al cambio en la estructura del Equipo de Gobierno en las áreas de Rectorado, Vicerrectorados y Gerencia. Además, se ha aprobado un incremento de dotación de puestos de nuevo ingreso para su adecuación legal debido a la Oferta Pública de Empleo, actualmente en curso. Dentro del Plan de Promoción del PAS laboral (2007-09) se aprueba el proceso de funcionarización para servicios concretos, así como convocatorias de promoción interna.

Además, se ha aprobado el informe favorable a la homologación de becas de Investigación y se han ratificado los Premios Extraordinarios de la Facultad de Odontología del curso 2006-07, a Eva M. Carmona Román y Marc Angelo Lind Rosasco.


Des chercheurs de l’Université de Grenade déterminent une nouvelle méthode pour établir la capacité anti-oxydante de l’huile d’olive vierge extra

Un groupe de scientifiques du département de Nutrition et de Bromatologie de la Faculté de Pharmacie de l’Université de Grenade ont mis en évidence les effets bienfaisants de l’huile d’olive vierge extra sur la santé humaine, en déterminant in vitro et in vivo le pouvoir antioxydant des échantillons de l’huile d’olive vierge extra qui ont été objet d’étude. Les chercheurs ont réussi, avec ce travail, à trouver la méthode la plus efficace qui existe actuellement pour connaître la capacité anti-oxydante dans l’huile d’olive vierge extra.

La recherche a été dirigée par les docteures M. Carmen López Martínez, Herminia López García de la Serrana et le docteur José Javier Quesada Granados, et son auteure principale est Cristina Samaniego Sánchez. Les scientifiques ont mis à point quatre méthodes anti-oxydantes, qui permettent de connaître la capacité anti-oxydante, et par conséquent, l’effet bienfaisant de l’huile d’olive vierge extra obtenue des olives de la variété Picual.

Travail «in vitro»
Pour réaliser ce travail, la méthode qui s’adapte de manière la plus correcte à la détermination de la capacité anti-oxydante in vitro des échantillons d’huile a été déterminée. En concluant que de toutes les méthodes appliquées, la méthode ABTS est la plus idéale pour l’étude de ce type d’échantillons, puisqu’elle présente la meilleure corrélation avec l’indice des polyphénols totaux. Les scientifiques ont observé aussi que la reproductibilité des résultats est bonne, et que les coefficients de variation obtenus par les différentes méthodes sont acceptables. Ce qui permet de conclure, en général, que les quatre méthodes étudiées peuvent être appliquées pour mesurer l’activité anti-oxydante dans les huiles.

Les scientifiques grenadins n’écartent pas l’idée de déposer prochainement un brevet relatif à cette recherche, vu qu’ils ont déjà une expérience dans l’obtention des brevets pour d’autres aliments, comme le cas des boissons alcooliques. Leur travail est applicable à tout type d’huile d’olive. Et lesdites méthodes peuvent être employées dans les milieux géographiques où l’oliveraie est cultivée, indépendamment de la variété d’olive employée dans l’obtention de l’huile.

Actuellement, il y a plusieurs articles en cours de publication dans des revues aussi prestigieuses comme «Journal of Nutrition», «Journal of Chromatography A», «Talanta» et «Analytica Chimica Acta».

Coordonnées
Dr. Cristina Samaniego Sánchez. Département de Nutrition et de Bromatologie de l’Université de Grenade.
Tél. (+34) 958 24 38 63. Portable : (+39) 389 1544003
Courriel : csama@ugr.es


El Consejo de Gobierno de la UGR celebrará sesión ordinaria el día 4 de febrero

El Consejo de Gobierno de la UGR celebrará sesión ordinaria el día 4 de febrero

El Consejo de Gobierno de la Universidad de Granada celebrará sesión ordinaria el próximo día 4 de febrero, lunes, en la Sala de Reuniones del Rectorado (Patio de la Capilla – Hospital Real). La reunión se iniciará a las 10 horas, de acuerdo con el siguiente Orden del día:

1. Aprobación, en su caso, del Acta de la sesión anterior.

2. Informe del Sr. Rector.

3. Propuesta, debate y, en su caso decisión, sobre la normativa aplicable para la adaptación de los Estatutos de la Universidad de Granada a la Ley Orgánica 4/2007, de 12 de abril, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 6/2001, de 21 de diciembre, de Universidades.

4. Debate y aprobación, si procede, de propuestas de renovación de Postgrados y Títulos de Másteres Oficiales, y nuevas propuestas para el curso 2008-2009.

5. Presentación, debate y, en su caso, aprobación del procedimiento para la emisión del certificado de evaluación de la calidad de la actividad docente, a efectos de dar cumplimiento a lo dispuesto en el R.D. 1312/2007 de 5 de octubre.

6. Aprobación, en su caso, del informe favorable a la homologación de becas emitido por la Comisión de Investigación.

7. Ratificación de los Premios Extraordinarios de la Facultad de Odontología, correspondientes al curso académico 2006-2007.

8. Propuesta de modificación técnica de la Relación de Puestos de Trabajo del Personal de Administración y Servicios de la Universidad de Granada.

9. Ruegos y preguntas.


Spanish patients test positive for potentially toxic compounds: study

– Spanish patients test positive for potentially toxic compounds: study

Every single person of the 387 examined in a Spanish study had at least one potentially toxic compound, the authors reported Friday.

The bodies of every subject — patients at two hospitals in the Andalucia region in southern Spain — contained DDE, one of a group of chemicals called persistent organic compounds (POCs). Many of the compounds are hazardous to humans.

DDE, a POC, is formed when the pesticide DDT breaks down. DDT use is banned in most western countries, including Canada.

The researchers from the University of Granada tested the subjects for six POCs.

They found a range of exposures, from 92 per cent who had PCB-153 (a polychlorinated biphenyl) to 84 per cent who had HCH (hexachlorocychlohexane).

Levels were higher in women and in older volunteers, said Juan Pedro Arrebola Moreno, who designed the study.

There are few Spanish studies measuring POC concentrations in a broad sample of the population, so the study will help identify which groups are most exposed, he said.

A Canadian study in 2005 found that 11 subjects had an average of 44 chemicals, including including PCBs, flame retardants and insecticides.

Environmental Defence, a watchdog group, found 88 chemicals in the blood and urine samples of the 11 subjects.
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Water on the brain

– Water on the brain

I recently bought a case of one- pint cans of Bitburger beer at the local liquor store. To manufacture it, some industrious German had to boil vast amounts of spring barley in water. He then had to add Perle, Hallertau, Mittelfruh and Tettnang hops. Then after aging it for several weeks, he had to put the result in a can. Then it had to be put on a ship to Newark. After that it had to be trucked to my local liquor store.

Yet the entire case of 24 cans cost a mere $18.99. Thats 79 cents a pint.

On the way home I stopped by the drugstore. The cooler was filled with pint-sized bottles of water. To manufacture that, some American had to turn on a tap, wait till the bottle was full, and then turn off the tap. Yet it cost $1.29.

For that $1.29, you could get 4,000 pints of water from your kitchen faucet. Yet people willingly pay a premium for a bottle filled with a product that is worth just a fraction of a cent more than the air that will fill that bottle when the water is gone.

What accounts for this depravity? Journalists are partly to blame. We have perpetuated the myth that people should drink eight glasses of water a day. A search of newspaper databases reveals hundreds of articles in which the reader is told that drinking eight glasses of water a day will aid vision, promote weight loss, improve skin tone, help the pancreas and perform various other miracles.

This is obvious nonsense. There are no studies that show that drinking eight glasses of water a day has any special health value whatsoever, nor would it be possible to conduct such a study. So I was glad to read recently that the eight glasses of water myth had been debunked by some medical researchers at Indiana University.

Theres no magic to a glass of water, says Aaron Carroll, one of two physicians who recently put out a paper attacking that and other health myths. It wasnt based on hard science. How much water you need depends on where you live.

And the main question in that regard, says Carroll, is whether you live in the desert or not. If youre out there in the Mojave under 120-degree heat, water is crucial. Otherwise, says Carroll, the rule is simple: If youre not thirsty, you shouldnt drink.

Whats worse, drinking too much water can kill you.

It dilutes your sodium so much that you actually have increased pressure on your brain, he said.

That happened recently to that unfortunate woman who drank excessive water in a promotion by a radio station. And it happens now and then to marathon runners who make the mistake of taking that advice about gulping more water than they need.

Carroll and his research partner, Rachel Vreeman, trace the myths origins to a 1945 recommendation from the Nutrition Council that you should consume the equivalent of eight glasses of fluid a day. Soda, fruit juice, coffee and tea are fluids as well. But once the bottled-water industry got into the act the advice evolved into a notion that only pure water would do. This makes no sense, but people believe it.

People are bad at understanding risk, he said. They dont know what is a real danger and what is not.

That applies to another myth about water, one that I have heard from various exercise experts over the years. This is the idea that people who drink beer instead of water after exercising are somehow risking dehydration. I have read this in dozens of newspapers and magazines, even from people who should know better, such as the doctors who write for the magazine The Physician and Sportsmedicine.

Beer is a poor choice for rehy drating after exercise or competition, read a typical article. Its diuretic effect sends athletes running for the bathroom.

No, it doesnt. Why do doctors repeat those claims?

Doctors are people, too, said Carroll. Some of these things are things you were told when you were young. We heard it before, and we just keep perpetuating the same story.

Recently a Spanish researcher, Manuel Garzon of Granada University, decided to test this popular wisdom. Garzon had students do a strenuous workout in hot weather. Afterward, one group drank beer and the other drank water. The beer drinkers actually managed to get a bit more water into their systems than the control group, Gar zon discovered. In other words, you cant dehydrate yourself while drinking a liquid that is 90 percent water.

I could have predicted that without doing the study. Ive been going to bars since 1969, and I have never yet seen anyone keel over from dehydration. It could happen though, so in the spirit of science I will continue my research.

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Raising the bar: Cedar Creek gymnastics vaults ahead with new coach

– Raising the bar: Cedar Creek gymnastics vaults ahead with new coach

Suddenly they have become champions that we should celebrate. And, no, this isnt one more story about LSU.

The newest champs in our neighborhood come from in and around Ruston.

They are bright, talented and young. Really young. In fact, they range from age five to age 11.
And, not a soul at Cedar Creek School knew these young girls were going to almost instantly become outstanding gymnasts when this all got started several months ago.

Heck, most folks didnt know — and still dont know — that Cedar Creek even has a gymnastics team.

Performing in two huge meets since being formed last summer, the littlest Cougars first collected 21 medals, supplied the top all-around individual scorer and finished second as a team in a November meet in New Iberia that featured over 600 competitors.

Just a couple of weeks ago, these little dynamos performed at a meet in Baton Rouge and captured 45 medals, 11-year-old Lexi Oliver of Bernice again won all-around and the Creek won top team honors.

Actually, this time last year nobody even knew Cedar Creek would be sporting a gymnastics team this school year.

That is partially because not many folks realized their newest Spanish teacher, Claudia Peregrina Cecil, has a lifetime of experience in the sport. Claudia Cecils career in gymnastics spans the continent; from childhood performer in her native Mexico to world-class athlete on national teams; from gym owner in Mexico City where she became a TV personality with her own daily fitness program to a gymnastics academy in Seattle, Wash. where she directed 100 coaches and over 3,000 youngsters.

Route to Ruston

How she got to Ruston is quite a story in itself. The short version is that 15 years ago she met and married a former Ruston resident, Richard Cecil, who was then working in Seattle but has since transferred back to north Louisiana.

I guess you could say love brought me here, says Claudia Cecil. Richards family is here and we wanted to raise our family close to them. When his opportunity to come home happened, we decided to come.

It appears to have been a tough career move for Claudia, but she doesnt look at it that way.

I actually began my career as an attorney in Mexico City, but that was just to earn enough money to pursue my own passion in gymnastics, she said.

I am now completing work on a doctorate (from Granada University in Spain) in education so I am excited about teaching Spanish at Cedar Creek, she said.

Still, the gymnastics itch always lives within this energetic 40-year-old, and that passion has now opened up quite an opportunity for youngsters at Cedar Creek.

I didnt really think much about expanding into a true gymnastics program when I started a tumbling program here in October of 2006.

We had no gymnastics equipment, and I had no idea that girls here would be much interested. But some parents approached me, so I said we would hold tryouts. I was totally shocked when 70 girls showed up, she said with a laugh.

Thus, last summer Cecil went about picking a team. We didnt eliminate anyone, but we set up rules and guidelines and everyone had to be at our daily workouts in the summer.

Eventually, many eliminated themselves and we now are working with a group of 41 girls, ages 5-to-11, she said, adding that the young years are when girls reach their top potential in gymnastics.

Cecil has a competition team with 15 girls, a future-team group with six more members, a strictly recreational group with four and a tumble bears pre-team featuring 13 little ones (4-5 years old).

Theres also a young boys pre-team with three members.

But all of this marvelous quick-paced, big-results work turned in by Cecil and her kids is just half of the story.

The real catch is that they have done it all with no real facilities while using hand-me-down equipment, some purchased by Cecil over eBay.

The school has been very cooperative, but it just didnt have any extra space for this type program, said the coach.

To prepare for each Saturdays four-hour practice, Cecil and her crew — mainly her family and two student coaches — must clear the schools multi-purpose room and put down their gym equipment, then revamp the room all again when practice concludes.

About equipment, Cecil said, I learned the school had a gymnastics program briefly some 30 years ago. I went to the P.E. storage room and found three beams, still in good shape. I still remember being very excited that day, she said.

Later, Cecils girls staged a fundraising campaign selling cookie dough. We raised over $6,000 and when I learned a gym was going bankrupt in Dallas, I got in touch and bought several pieces of equipment, said Cecil.

And, thus, the Cookie Dough Cougars were off and running.

Still, nobody thought they would run this fast this soon.

Third grader Lauren Houck, 9, said, Ive never had so much fun with anything else. Ive done ballet and it helps me with my balance and control in gymnastics. But this is more fun.

She added, Its hard work but all of us are excited. We are a little surprised at winning so many medals.

Laurens mom, Angela Houck, can understand the girls excitement. I was on that Cedar Creek team a long time ago. We didnt have this much success, but I still remember how much fun it was.

She also recognizes the great training it gives her daughter and the other girls. They learn discipline, work ethic, responsibility and how to be part of a team, she said.

Lexi Olivers mother, Winter Oliver, added, Lexi had taken gymnastics briefly at about age six when there was a gym in Ruston — but when it closed, that was it. She was good as a beginner, but now at 11 she really loves it.

Two other young ladies who are playing big roles in this venture are student coaches Justine Ker and Katie Gray, both of whom took gymnastics earlier and are now cheerleaders.

They are both a big help. I would hate to think of not having them, said Cecil, who also is aided by her oldest son, Roy, 16, who earned his certification to coach last year.

Ker, an eighth grader, is an amazing story, herself, what with piano and violin expertise as well as serving as a cheerleader.

Obviously, she also finds time to study because last spring Ker posted a remarkable double of her own — taking championships in both the state junior high science fair and social studies competition in successive weeks.

As for her coaching duties, Ker said, I enjoy it. All of the girls are eager to learn and they work very hard. They also have a lot of talent, she said.

Gray, a sophomore from Jonesboro, added, The girls are amazing. They have surprised themselves and us. Mrs. Cecil is an excellent coach. She has a lot of patience and the girls work very hard for her.

Truthfully, everybody is surprised by the teams success.

Cedar Creek principal Connie Bradford said, When Claudia came to me with this idea, she felt there was a need for this — not only for our students but for the community. We are amazed and excited by their success and we want to do all that we can to help the program grow.

Still, there are obvious limitations at the school, both in existing facilities and in funding.

Bradford added, We are working together on this. Claudia realizes our capabilities and our limits. She is very resourceful and very talented. We felt good about getting her as a teacher, and certainly this area (gymnastics) of expertise is a bonus for Cedar Creek and our children.
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Science briefs

– Science briefs

The EarthWatch graphic that typically graces space on this, the Cameras weekly science page, has been displaced as a result of some recent changes weve made in an effort to use our precious space more efficiently.

We had to make choices between EarthWatch and our local columnists and local news items.

In reviewing the information provided in EarthWatch, we determined much of it largely was a recap in highlight form of natural events about which the Camera typically already had published in more timely fashion elsewhere in our pages.

Well keep looking for ways to try to return this feature to the Camera, but until then EarthWatch is on hiatus.

— Kevin Kaufman, editor

Gender Disney women adjusted to present-day norms

The profile of women who are the main characters in cartoons from the Walt Disney Corp. has noticeably changed in the last few decades, according to researchers at the University of Granada.

The study concludes that todays cartoons are less male-chauvinist than those in the past.

Pilar Casares Garcia, who teaches in the Department of Pedagogy, analyzed 11 female characters belonging to the most successful films of Disney.

Although we have found that the main characters in the films, which are a combination of a hero and an anti-hero, are still male, it is true that the role of women has evolved, Casares said.

With regard to physical features, most of the women who star in Disney films are beautiful or have some kind of physical appeal, but there are less anorexic bodies, and most of the women are also portrayed with agility and strength.

Environment Democrats and Republicans are equally green

Political party affiliation has little bearing on the number of green actions people take, according to a new study at George Mason University.

According to the survey of more than 11,000 American adults, Democrats and Republicans differ only slightly when it comes to taking actions to protect the environment, despite great differences in their perceptions of danger related to global warming.

For example, 65 percent of Republicans and 71 percent of Democrats said they are actively reducing energy use in their homes.

These data tell us that in some important ways, climate change is not the partisan issue we see every single day in the media, said Ed Mailbach, of George Mason University.
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