Expertos de la UGR publican el primer inventario completo de hormigas de Sierra Nevada.

Después de 30 años de investigación, el equipo de zoólogos dirigidos por Alberto Tinaut acaba de completar el estudio iniciado en 1977. Según el trabajo, publicado en la revista Zoologia baetica,este censo supone la tercera parte de las especies existentes en la Península ibérica.

En palabra de Tinaut, «la elevada altitud de Sierra Nevada, junto con la presencia de valles con cursos de agua permanente, proporciona una gran variedad de hábitats, lo que favorece que se instalen en ella especies muy diferentes y procedentes de diversas épocas”.

Según la publicación, más de la mitad de las especies incluidas en el nuevo catálogo, alrededor de cincuenta, han sido identificadas por primera vez en Sierra Nevada. La primera fue Rossomyrmex minuchae (1981), una especie endémica de la Penibética y parásita de otras hormigas. “En aquel momento sólo se conocía otra especie del mismo género, pero a varios miles de kilómetros de distancia, en las estribaciones del Cáucaso”, recuerda Tinaut.

Catalogar a todas las hormigas de Sierra Nevada ha supuesto muchas horas de dedicación y varios años de trabajo. “Encontrar especies raras o escasas nos ha exigido mucho trabajo de campo, a veces utilizando trampas de caída o cebos, incluso lámparas de luz por la noche para algunos sexuados”, relata Tinaut. Pero además del trabajo de campo, si se quiere tener una buena aproximación a la fauna de un determinado lugar, es necesario identificar las muestras usando toda la bibliografía posible (en su caso incluyendo la de otros países del Mediterráneo y de Asia central), así como estudiar las colecciones almacenadas en museos.

“A pesar de todo ello este tipo de estudios no suele ser valorado, ni siquiera por la comunidad científica, considerándoseles un tipo de trabajo anticuado e irrelevante”, se lamenta el investigador granadino.

Referencia
Alberto Tinaut
Tlf: 958243231
Correo e.: hormiga@ugr.es


Una investigación acerca del «craving» o ansia por el tabaco sienta las bases para controlar esta adicción

Un grupo de investigadores de la Universidad de Granada ha estudiado psicológicamente los mecanismos mentales que producen el «craving» o ansia por el tabaco, en un trabajo que podría sentar las bases para detectar los mecanismos mentales que activan esta obsesión y poder controlarlos.

El autor de este hallazgo es Miguel Ángel Muñoz García, del departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, cuyo trabajo ha sido dirigido por los profesores Jaime Vila Castelar y Mª Carmen Fernández Santaella.

El «craving» es un término inglés que se define como un deseo irresistible de acceder a una sustancia adictiva para administrársela o ingerirla. Frecuentemente se utiliza en situaciones de dependencia al alcohol o a la nicotina, y es una patología que ocupa recursos cognitivos, ya que posee un componente obsesivo.

180 consumidores de cocaína
Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, los científicos de la UGR realizaron un estudio en 180 consumidores habituales de una sustancia adictiva (en este caso, cocaína), a quienes a través de una máquina analizaron para valorar los mecanismos afectivos motivacionales que les provocaban la adicción por esta sustancia. Este estudio sirvió para asentar las bases de los mecanismos motivacionales de la adicción por la cocaína y consistió en la evaluación afectiva de diferentes situaciones de consumo.

Estos resultados fueron la base para la realización de una serie de estudios con fumadores abstinentes durante 8 horas que pretendían medir sus variables fisiológicas y afectivas en estado de abstinencia a través de una máquina (polígrafo) para valorar los mecanismos afectivos motivacionales que les provocaban la adicción por esta sustancia. Para ello, se les presentaban un conjunto de imágenes (48) asociadas a situaciones que provocaban deseo (relacionadas con el ocio, el tiempo libre, el café…), analizando la respuesta cardiaca de defensa que se producía y el reflejo motor de los sobresalto.

Por último se estudió los cambios cerebrales relacionados con las reacciones afectivas de frustración y con la impulsividad asociados a la abstinencia en fumadores. Este mismo sistema se validó posteriormente para consumidores de tabaco.

Miguel Ángel Muñoz García señala que su investigación ha estudiado por primera vez los mecanismos motivacionales implicados en el «craving» por el tabaco, determinando las regiones del cerebro y las respuestas corporales asociados a la conducta compulsiva del tabaquismo.

Referencia
Dr. Miguel Ángel Muñoz García. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico de la Universidad de Granada.
Tfno: 958243752. Móvil: 630378263.
Correo e.: miguelamuoz@yahoo.es


Emilio Calatayud Pérez hablará sobre «La delicuencia juvenil. Un reto siempre actual» en la Facultad de Farmacia.

Mañana martes, 19 de febrero, a las 19 horas, el magistrado del Juzgado de Menores de Granada, Emilio Calatayud Pérez, ofrecerá la conferencia «La delicuencia juvenil. Un reto siempre actual», que abrirá el ciclo Ráfagas de Humanismo en el Plan de Estudios de la Facultad de Farmacia. Tras la charla, se abrirá un coloquio. El ciclo está organizado por el Vicedecanato de Biblioteca, Actividades Culturales y Relaciones Institucionales dentro de la actividades del Aula de Letras y Artes «Elena Martín Vivaldi”, con la colaboración de la Asociación de Antiguos Alumnos de la Facultad de Farmacia.

Según explica Rafael Delgado Calvo Flores, vicedecano de Biblioteca, Actividades Culturales y Relaciones Institucionales de la Facultad de Farmacia “el ciclo, consta de ocho clases de dos horas (conferencias-coloquio) y versará sobre temas de actualidad de las disciplinas de ciencias sociales, humanidades y arte, a cargo de especialistas. Este ciclo está encaminado a desarrollar uno de los principales objetivos de las materias de libre configuración, como es la formación complementaria de los alumnos en ámbitos del conocimiento distintos de los propios de su licenciatura”.

Además del juez Emilio Calatayud participarán en este ciclo el investigador en ADN y criminalista José Antonio Lorente, el catedrático de Estratigrafía José Manuel Martín, el poeta Antonio Carvajal, el profesor Miguel Luis López-Guadalupe, el historiador Marcial Castro, el arquitecto Eduardo Jiménez Artacho y el profesor de botánica de la UGR Manuel Casares Porcel.

Concebidas como un curso de libre configuración específica, estas conferencias se celebrarán de febrero a mayo en el Aula Magna de la Facultad de Farmacia, a las siete de la tarde. Para obtener los créditos, los alumnos que se matriculen (el precio de inscripción es de 15 euros) han de asistir al menos a siete de las ocho conferencias de que se compone el ciclo.

CONVOCATORIA
DÍA: Martes, 19 de febrero.
HORA: 19 h.
LUGAR: Aula Magna de la Facultad de Farmacia.

Referencia
Prof. Rafael Delgado Calvo Flores. Vicedecano de Biblioteca, Actividades Culturales y Relaciones Institucionales de la Facultad de Farmacia.
Tfno: 958243835 / 248957.
Correo e.: rdelgado@ugr.es


Researchers at the University of Granada have discovered a compound in olives that can help in preventing cancer.

– Researchers at the University of Granada have discovered a compound in olives that can help in preventing cancer.

Researchers at the University of Granada have discovered a compound in olives that can help in preventing cancer.

Maslinic acid is a compound present in the leaf and the olive skin wax extracted from alpeorujo (crushed olive pulp) that can regulate cancer cell growth and prevents their appearance.

The acid controls the hyperplasia, proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue and hypertrophy, the increase of the size of an organ or in a select area of the tissue, typical of this disease.

According to lead researchers Professor Jose Antonio Lupianez Cara, of the department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I and Ph D student Fernando Jesus Reyes Zurita, unlike other anti-carcinogenic products, maslinic acid is a natural compound, thus is less toxic. In addition it only acts on carcinogenic cells, whose pH is more acid than usual and can inhibit cancer appearance in those cells with a higher predisposition to develop it.

Though the researchers only analysed the effect of maslinic acid in the treatment of colon cancer but they have said that it can be used in different types of tumours. (ANI)
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A natural compound extracted from olive inhibits cancer cells growth and prevents their appearance

– A natural compound extracted from olive inhibits cancer cells growth and prevents their appearance

A research group of the University of Granada has found out that maslinic acid, a compound present in the leaf and the olive skin wax extracted from alpeorujo (crushed olive pulp), has the capacity of preventing cancer as well as regulating apoptosis in carcinogenic processes.

Maslinic acid is a protease inhibitor that, among other features, has the capacity of regulating cell growth. It is useful for cancer treatment, as it allows to control the hyperplasia and hypertrophy processes, typical of this disease. The scientists of the UGR have characterized for the first time maslinic acid action from the molecular point of view when it is applied to the development of tumour cells.

This work has been carried out by Ph D student Fernando Jesús Reyes Zurita, and directed by Professor José Antonio Lupiáñez Cara, of the department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. According to them, the advantages of maslinic acid are three: Unlike other anti-carcinogenic products, highly cytotoxic, it is a natural compound and, therefore, less toxic. In addition, it is selective, this is, it only acts on carcinogenic cells, whose pH is more acid than usual. And lastly, it has a preventive nature, as it can inhibit cancer appearance in those cells with a higher predisposition to develop it.

For all types of cancer

Although the research group of Professor Lupiáñez Cara has analysed the effect of maslinic acid in the treatment of colon cancer, it can be used in different types of tumours. For the moment, their research works have been developed in colon carcinoma lines and transgenic mice, but they have not dismissed the possibility of applying them to humans in future.

Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic terpene which, besides being anti-carcinogenic, it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can be found in high concentrations in olive skin wax. At present, the only production plant of this substance at a semi-industrial level in the whole world is at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Granada.
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Olive Compound Inhibits Cancer Cells Growth and Prevents Their Appearance

– Olive Compound Inhibits Cancer Cells Growth and Prevents Their Appearance

Maslinic acid is a protease inhibitor that, among other features, has the capacity of regulating cell growth. It is useful for cancer treatment, as it allows to control the hyperplasia and hypertrophy processes, typical of this disease.

A research group of the University of Granada has found out that maslinic acid, a compound present in the leaf and the olive skin wax extracted from alpeorujo (crushed olive pulp), has the capacity of preventing cancer as well as regulating apoptosis in carcinogenic processes.

Maslinic acid is a protease inhibitor that, among other features, has the capacity of regulating cell growth. It is useful for cancer treatment, as it allows to control the hyperplasia and hypertrophy processes, typical of this disease. The scientists of the UGR have characterized for the first time maslinic acid action from the molecular point of view when it is applied to the development of tumour cells.

This work has been carried out by Ph D student Fernando Jesús Reyes Zurita, and directed by Professor José Antonio Lupiáñez Cara, of the department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. According to them, the advantages of maslinic acid are three: Unlike other anti-carcinogenic products, highly cytotoxic, it is a natural compound and, therefore, less toxic. In addition, it is selective, this is, it only acts on carcinogenic cells, whose pH is more acid than usual. And lastly, it has a preventive nature, as it can inhibit cancer appearance in those cells with a higher predisposition to develop it.

Although the research group of Professor Lupiáñez Cara has analysed the effect of maslinic acid in the treatment of colon cancer, it can be used in different types of tumours. For the moment, their research works have been developed in colon carcinoma lines and transgenic mice, but they have not dismissed the possibility of applying them to humans in future.

Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic terpene which, besides being anti-carcinogenic, it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can be found in high concentrations in olive skin wax. At present, the only production plant of this substance at a semi-industrial level in the whole world is at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Granada.

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Olive compound may prevent cancer

– Olive compound may prevent cancer

Researchers at the University of Granada have discovered a compound in olives that can help in preventing cancer.

Maslinic acid is a compound present in the leaf and the olive skin wax extracted from alpeorujo (crushed olive pulp) that can regulate cancer cell growth and prevents their appearance.

The acid controls the hyperplasia, proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue and hypertrophy, the increase of the size of an organ or in a select area of the tissue, typical of this disease.

According to lead researchers Professor Jose Antonio Lupianez Cara, of the department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I and Ph D student Fernando Jesus Reyes Zurita, unlike other anti-carcinogenic products, maslinic acid is a natural compound, thus is less toxic. In addition it only acts on carcinogenic cells, whose pH is more acid than usual and can inhibit cancer appearance in those cells with a higher predisposition to develop it.

Though the researchers only analysed the effect of maslinic acid in the treatment of colon cancer but they have said that it can be used in different types of tumours.

Descargar


A compound extracted from olives inhibits cancer cells growth and prevents their appearance

– A compound extracted from olives inhibits cancer cells growth and prevents their appearance.

A research group of the University of Granada has found out that maslinic acid, a compound present in the leaf and the olive skin wax extracted from alpeorujo (crushed olive pulp), has the capacity of preventing cancer as well as regulating apoptosis in carcinogenic processes.

Maslinic acid is a protease inhibitor that, among other features, has the capacity of regulating cell growth. It is useful for cancer treatment, as it allows to control the hyperplasia and hypertrophy processes, typical of this disease. The scientists of the UGR have characterised for the first time maslinic acid action from the molecular point of view when it is applied to the development of tumour cells.

This work has been carried out by Ph D student Fernando Jesus Reyes Zurita, and directed by Professor Jose Antonio Lupianez Cara, of the department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. According to them, the advantages of maslinic acid are three: Unlike other anti-carcinogenic products, highly cytotoxic, it is a natural compound and, therefore, less toxic. In addition, it is selective, this is, it only acts on carcinogenic cells, whose pH is more acid than usual. And lastly, it has a preventive nature, as it can inhibit cancer appearance in those cells with a higher predisposition to develop it.

Although the research group of Professor Lupianez Cara has analysed the effect of maslinic acid in the treatment of colon cancer, it can be used in different types of tumours. For the moment, their research works have been developed in colon carcinoma lines and transgenic mice, but they have not dismissed the possibility of applying them to humans in future.

Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic terpene which, besides being anti-carcinogenic, it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can be found in high concentrations in olive skin wax. At present, the only production plant of this substance at a semi-industrial level in the whole world is at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Granada.
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Olive pulp compound inhibits cancer

– Olive pulp compound inhibits cancer

A research group of the University of Granada has found out that maslinic acid, a compound present in the leaf and the olive skin wax extracted from alpeorujo (crushed olive pulp), has the capacity of preventing cancer as well as regulating apoptosis in carcinogenic processes.

Maslinic acid is a protease inhibitor that, among other features, has the capacity of regulating cell growth. It is useful for cancer treatment, as it allows to control the hyperplasia and hypertrophy processes, typical of this disease. The scientists of the UGR have characterised for the first time maslinic acid action from the molecular point of view when it is applied to the development of tumour cells.

This work has been carried out by Ph D student Fernando Jesús Reyes Zurita, and directed by Professor José Antonio Lupiáñez Cara, of the department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. According to them, the advantages of maslinic acid are three: Unlike other anti-carcinogenic products, highly cytotoxic, it is a natural compound and, therefore, less toxic. In addition, it is selective, this is, it only acts on carcinogenic cells, whose pH is more acid than usual. And lastly, it has a preventive nature, as it can inhibit cancer appearance in those cells with a higher predisposition to develop it.

For all types of cancer

Although the research group of Professor Lupiáñez Cara has analysed the effect of maslinic acid in the treatment of colon cancer, it can be used in different types of tumours. For the moment, their research works have been developed in colon carcinoma lines and transgenic mice, but they have not dismissed the possibility of applying them to humans in future.

Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic terpene which, besides being anti-carcinogenic, it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can be found in high concentrations in olive skin wax. At present, the only production plant of this substance at a semi-industrial level in the whole world is at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Granada.
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ALIMENTAZIONE: SPERANZE PER CANCRO DA UN ESTRATTO DALLE OLIVE

– ALIMENTAZIONE: SPERANZE PER CANCRO DA UN ESTRATTO DALLE OLIVE

Un composto estratto dalle olive e capace di inibire la crescita delle cellule tumorali e di impedire la loro comparsa. A sostenerlo e stato un gruppo di ricercatori dellUniversita di Granada in uno studio pubblicato sulla rivista Febs Letters. I ricercatori hanno scoperto che lacido maslinico, un composto presente nelle foglie e nella cera che riveste la buccia delle olive, e in grado di prevenire il cancro, nonche di regolare lapoptosi, la morte cellulare, nei processi cancerogeni. Lacido maslinico e un inibitore della proteasi, un enzima che, tra le altre caratteristiche, ha la capacita di regolare la crescita cellulare. Quindi questo composto e efficace nel trattamento del cancro perche consente di controllare i processi di iperplasia e ipertrofia, tipici della patologia tumorale. I ricercatori hanno analizzato per la prima volta lazione dellacido maslinico, dal punto di vista molecolare, quando agisce sullo sviluppo delle cellule tumorali. Dai risultati dello studio e emerso che sono tre i vantaggi dellacido maslinico: a differenza di altri farmaci contro il cancro e un composto naturale e, di conseguenza, e meno tossico. Poi lacido agisce in maniera selettiva, ovvero solo sulle cellule cancerogene, il cui pH e particolarmente acido. E, infine, ha un potere preventivo, in quanto esso puo inibire la comparsa del cancro.
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Alimentazione infantile: bambini sani, adulti più in salute

– Alimentazione infantile: bambini sani, adulti più in salute.

Allinizio dellanno, scienziati di 16 paesi hanno unito le forze per iniziare a studiare il legame che intercorre tra lalimentazione nellinfanzia e linsorgenza di malattie in età adulta, quali il diabete o le allergie.

I primi anni di sviluppo di un bambino esercitano un impatto profondo sullo stesso, che si protrae fino alletà adulta, gli scienziati hanno appena iniziato a scoprire quanto può essere significativo nel tempo limpatto dei primi anni di sviluppo per il benessere in età adulta, un progetto europeo sta raccogliendo dati che saranno utili per linquadramento della politica negli anni a venire.

Allinizio dellanno, scienziati di 16 paesi hanno unito le forze per iniziare a studiare il legame che intercorre tra lalimentazione nellinfanzia e linsorgenza di malattie in età adulta, quali il diabete o le allergie. Liniziativa ambiziosa è la prima del genere di così ampio respiro in Europa.

Guida liniziativa la professoressa Cristina Campoy Folgoso, la quale ci tiene a sottolineare che la programmazione dellalimentazione nei primi anni di vita è un tema recente nel campo della salute e della scienza. «Studi diversi dimostrano che gli alimenti possono avere conseguenze a lungo termine per la crescita dei bambini, la salute durante la gravidanza, il periodo di allattamento e linfanzia. Inoltre, lalimentazione può influire sullinsorgenza delle malattie in età adulta», ha dichiarato.

Finanziato dalla Commissione europea, il progetto EARNEST, ossia Early Nutrition Programming Project (Progetto per la programmazione dellalimentazione nellinfanzia), si propone di contribuire alla formulazione di politiche, campagne di informazione, documenti, guide e raccomandazioni sugli elementi nutrizionali degli alimenti per bambini e per il miglioramento degli alimenti in polvere per neonati. Collabora inoltre nellelaborazione di piani volti a prevenire ed evitare gli effetti dellalimentazione sul metabolismo.

A tal fine, i ricercatori del reparto di pediatria dellUniversità di Granada hanno avviato una collaborazione con altre 38 università e imprese di 16 paesi europei. I loro sforzi congiunti aiuteranno i ricercatori ad avere una comprensione maggiore degli effetti dellalimentazione nellinfanzia sullinsorgenza di problemi cardiovascolari, diabete, obesità, allergie, debolezza delle ossa, funzionalità del motoneurone e aspetti comportamentali dei bambini.

Il progetto effettuerà sperimentazioni cliniche assegnate casualmente e interventi di tipo alimentare durante la gravidanza e linfanzia, condurrà inoltre studi pilota, test sugli animali, sulle cellule e sul genomita. Léquipe esaminerà inoltre studi sociali ed economici correlati alla nutrizione nelle prime fasi della vita e alla sua rilevanza nellinsorgenza successiva di malattie.

I ricercatori sperano di trovare il meccanismo genetico di patologie quali il diabete e lobesità. è comunemente noto che la cinetica della crescita nei bambini allattati al seno differisce da quella dei piccoli alimentati con latte artificiale, che tendono ad aumentare più facilmente di peso e di altezza. «Lobesità sta diventando unepidemia globale e inizia in parte durante lo sviluppo infantile», ha spiegato la professoressa Campoy Folgoso. Considerando le conseguenze, uno degli scopi del progetto è studiare se lallattamento al seno possa prevenire il rischio di obesità negli anni successivi.

I paesi che partecipano al progetto sono Bielorussia, Belgio, Repubblica ceca, Danimarca, Finlandia, Francia, Germania, Ungheria, Italia, Paesi Bassi, Norvegia, Polonia, Spagna, Svezia, Svizzera e Regno Unito.
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Un compuesto de la aceituna evita el crecimiento de células cancerígenas y previene su aparición

– Un compuesto de la aceituna evita el crecimiento de células cancerígenas y previene su aparición – Industria
Universidad de Granada

Científicos de la Universidad de Granada han descubierto que el ácido maslínico, presente en la hoja y cera de la piel de la aceituna, actúa sobre las células tumorales controlando sus alteraciones en los procesos de crecimiento. En la actualidad, la única planta de producción semi-industrial de esta sustancia a nivel semi-industrial que hay en todo el mundo se encuentra en la Facultad de Ciencias de la UGR.

15 Febrero ´08- Un grupo de investigadores de la Universidad de Granada ha descubierto que el ácido maslínico, un compuesto presente en la hoja y en la cera de la piel de la aceituna que se extrae del alpeorujo, tiene la capacidad de prevenir la aparición de cáncer, así como de regular la apoptosis en los procesos cancerígenos.

El ácido maslínico es un inhibidor de proteasas que, entre otras propiedades, posee la capacidad de regular el crecimiento celular. Es ahí donde radica su utilidad en el tratamiento contra el cáncer, ya que permite controlar los procesos de hiperplasia e hipertrofia propios de esta enfermedad. Los científicos de la UGR han caracterizado por primera vez la acción del ácido maslínico desde el punto de vista molecular cuando es aplicado al desarrollo de células tumorales.

Este trabajo ha sido realizado por el doctorando Fernando Jesús Reyes Zurita, y dirigido por el profesor José Antonio Lupiáñez Cara , del departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I. A juicio de ambos científicos, las ventajas del ácido maslínico son tres: a diferencia de otros productos anticancerígenos, altamente citotóxicos, se trata de un compuesto natural y por tanto de menor toxicidad. Además, es selectivo, es decir, actúa sólo sobre las células cancerígenas, cuyo pH es más ácido de lo normal. Y en último lugar, posee un carácter preventivo, ya que es capaz de inhibir la aparición del cáncer, en aquellas células que tienen una mayor predisposición de desarrollarlo.

Para todo tipo de cáncer

Aunque el grupo de investigación del profesor Lupiáñez Cara ha analizado el efecto del ácido maslínico en el tratamiento del cáncer de colon, si bien podría emplearse en un amplio número de tumores. De momento, sus investigaciones se han realizado en líneas de carcinomas de colon y en ratones transgénicos, pero no descartan poder aplicarlas a humanos en un futuro.

El ácido maslínico es un terpeno pentacíclico que además de ser anticancerígeno posee efectos antiinflamatorios y antioxidantes, y que se encuentra en elevadas concentraciones en la cera de la piel de la aceituna. En la actualidad, la única planta de producción de esta sustancia a nivel semi-industrial que hay en todo el mundo se encuentra en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Granada.
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