Research conducted at the University of Granada revealed that emotions play an important role when health professionals have to certify that a patient is in terminal stage. To the purpose of this research, a qualitative study was undertaken with a sample of 42 participants. Participants were thoroughly interviewed, with the aim of analyzing the approach and language employed by health professionals treating terminally-ill patients
Physicians who have to decide whether an illness is terminal think that «there are not valid and adequate criteria for certifying that an illness is terminal». This is the conclusion drawn from a pioneer study conducted at the University of Granada, and recently published in the Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology (IJCHP).
For the purpose of this study, 42 health professionals were thoroughly interviewed. Of this group, 21 were physicians and 21 were nurses working with terminally-ill patients in hospitals in the province of Granada. Of the 42 participants, 22 were women and 20 were men with ages between 23 and 52. Of the participants, 17 worked in community health centers, 18 worked in public hospitals, 4 in combined units and 3 worked in private health centers.
This study revealed interesting findings. The answers given by the professionals interviewed revealed that the diagnosing of terminal illness in their daily work differs depending on the type of health centre – primary or specialized care – and the type of professional – physician or nurse.
Use of euphemisms
Concretely, those professionals working in community health centers – both physicians and nurses – use and record «terminal illness» diagnosis to define the clinical condition of their patients. On the other hand, the answers provided by professionals working in public hospitals differ significantly: while nurses use euphemisms or synonyms rather than «terminal illness» diagnosis, physicians use this diagnosis in professional circles and, although they are aware of this circumstance, they avoid using it in their medical reports.
This research conducted at the University of Granada reveals that health professionals have difficulties in certifying terminal illnesses. The question emerges on whether such situation could be preventing palliative care from being provided to a significant number of terminal patients. This means that many terminal patients are being deprived from professional assistance aimed at helping them in facing the end of their lives, and at providing them an acceptable quality of life. Additionally, professionals have a distorted view of the role and purpose of palliative assistance, since they are emotionally conditioned by a diagnosis that – in our society – is associated to a «death sentence».
This study was co-authored by María Paz García Caro, Francisco Cruz Quintana, Jacqueline Schmidt Río Valle, Antonio Muñoz Vinuesa, Rafael Montoya Juárez, Diego Prados Peña y Miguel C. Botella López from the University of Granada, and Atthanasios Pappous, from the University of Kent, United Kingdom.
