A research team led by the University of Granada is the first one in the world in describing a novel reproductive mechanism in plants, which they have called ‘anther rubbing’
Said mechanism consists of coordinated movements, repeated for hours, of the anthers (the end of the stamen, the part of the flower in which pollen is produced) over the stigma (the flower’s female reproductive system)
Plant movements, especially inside the flower, are very rare
A research team led by the University of Granada (UGR) is the first one in the world which has described a novel reproductive mechanism which actively promotes self‑pollination in certain plant species. They have called this mechanism ‘anther rubbing’.
Their study, published in the renowned journal The American Naturalist, represents the discovery of a previously unknown, unique phenomenon in the field of botany.
The mechanism consists of coordinated movements, repeated for hours, of the anthers (the end of the stamen, the part of the flower in which pollen is produced) over the stigma (the flower’s female reproductive system).
“Most plants have developed mechanisms to prevent self‑fertilization and the detrimental effects of inbreeding. However, some plants have specialized in selfing (also called ‘autogamy’), that is to say, fertilizing themselves without the need of crossing whit another plant,” explains Mohamed Abdelaziz Mohamed, professor from the UGR Department of Genetics and main author of this study.
Plants using selfing mechanisms are derived from the ones that use cross‑fertilization. Therefore, mechanisms favoring autogamy should be frequently found in nature, but such frequency has not been found. Most of the few selfing mechanisms found are passive.
“Plant movement is generally not obvious and tends to go unnoticed. Few cases present repeated and coordinated movements (see videos),” Francisco Perfectti and Mohammed Bakkali, two of the authors of this study and professors from the UGR Department of Genetics, explain.
The research, which counts with the participation of José María Gómez (CSIC) and Enrica Olivieri (UGR student), shows that anther rubbing causes self‑pollen deposition on stigmas and is sufficient to achieve maximal reproductive output, with values similar to those achieved by artificial pollination or outcrossing fertilization.
The present discovery opens a new way to understand plant reproduction and, therefore, plant evolution.
Bibliographic reference:
Anther Rubbing, a New Mechanism That Actively Promotes Selfing in Plants
Mohamed Abdelaziz, Mohammed Bakkali, José M. Gómez, Enrica Olivieri, and Francisco Perfectti
The American Naturalist
Volume 193, Number 1 | January 2019
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/700875
Images:
The plant Erysimum incanum, its flower, and pollen deposited through the rubbing mechanism during flower opening (which favors self‑fertilization)
The plant Erysimum wilczekianum, with bigger flowers, more attractive to pollinators (since its strategy is outcrossing fertilization)
Erysimum incanum’s flowers are small, since it doesn’t need to attract attention from pollinators, given that it uses an ‘anther rubbing’ self‑pollination mechanism
Video:
Illustrative video made the UGR researchers, showing the ‘anther rubbing’ mechanism
Contact info:
Mohamed Abdelaziz Mohamed
Department of Genetics – UGR
Phone number: (+34) 958 246 317
E-mail: mabdelazizm@ugr.es
