The smell of sound – researchers look at phenomenon synaesthesia
Medical Condition News
Published: Sunday, 30-Dec-2007
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The research field has grown from grapheme-colour synaesthesia to include other forms of synaesthesia in which flavours are evoked by music or words (lexical-gustatory synaesthesia), space structures by time units, colours by music, etc.
Experts on Experimental Psychology from the University of Granada are studying this phenomenon. The results of this research have been published by the following scientific journals, among others: Cortex, Experimental Brain Research and Consciousness and Cognition.
Surprising as it may seem, there are people who can smell sounds, see smells or hear colours. Actually, all of as, at some point in our lives, have had this skill (some authors affirm that it is common in newborns). This phenomenon, called synaesthesia – from the Greek syn (with) and aisthesis (sensation) – consists of the pairing of two bodily senses by which the perception of a determined stimulus activates a different subjective perception with no external stimulus (in science, the evoker stimulus is called inducer and the additional experience concurrent).
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The new, new things of 2007
Apple is the new NASA. Iran is the new Iraq. Beer is the new water, and water is the new oil.
(Chart by Roo Reynolds)
Email|Print| Text size – + By Drake Bennett
December 30, 2007
EARLY LAST MONTH, medical researchers at Spains University of Granada called a press conference to announce their findings on the thirst-quenching properties of beer. In a study, 25 university students, after exhausting themselves on a treadmill in 104-degree heat, had been given either water or Spanish lager to drink. According to the University of Granada team, it was the beer that, by a slender margin, proved more effective at rehydrating the students, thanks to its bubbles, salts, and carbohydrates. Beer, news reports were quick to proclaim, was the new water.
Your View What was replaced this year? more stories like this
Iraq: Oil production rises in November
US offers Iraqis service jobs
Lawmakers vote to delay passport rules
US military deaths in Iraq at 3,904
Suicide bomber kills 5 in Baghdad
And water? Development experts have begun to worry that industrialization, pollution, and even climate change are turning it into a scarce commodity in many parts of the world. Analysts paint a picture of growing domestic unrest, geopolitical jockeying, even water wars. Water, in short, is the new oil.
So, too, is milk. This year, with a swelling global middle class thirsty for milk (and butter, cheese, milk chocolate, lattes, and dairy-heavy baked goods) and with prices for livestock feed being driven up by the biofuel boom, milk prices are soaring. Governments are imposing price controls, and the United States, among others, has seen its butter stockpiles all but disappear. In a growing world, read a late-August headline in the International Herald Tribune, milk is the new oil.
If you want to know what happened in 2007, you could do worse than noting what it was that people decided was the new black, or the new oil, or the new golf.
Because it is so ubiquitous and so adaptable, because it so easily captures the human minds penchant for analogies, and because it is constantly rendering itself obsolete (what is the new iPhone? who is the new Amy Winehouse?), this off-the-shelf rhetorical device makes an ideal marker of a years conversational currents. The charts here are an unsystematic attempt, culled from Web searches, to trace the patterns that emerge.
Nobody knows who first called something the new black. Linguists have traced the term to the early 1980s – they believe, to no ones surprise, that it first arose in the fashion world. Some see an early ancestor in the much-repeated proclamation, by legendary Vogue magazine editor Diana Vreeland, that Pink is the navy blue of India (navy blue being the black of Vreelands 1960s-era New York).
Regardless, the term has stuck, and proliferated, metastasizing along the way. Gray, weve heard, is the new black, pink is the new black, George Clooney is the new Cary Grant, small is the new big, black is the new white, Facebook is the new Google is the new Microsoft.
Plotting a years profusion visually allows a certain textural logic to emerge. Cultural novelty unfolds in long transitive cascades – werewolves to vampires to zombies to pirates to ninjas – and in clusters around particularly hot or tendentious topics.Continued…
A quick glance reveals familiar nodes: Facebook, for example, or the iPhone. Black, of course. Boston, appropriately enough, is a hub on the chart, though a small one. So is the age of 30.
Jail replaced rehab (which itself replaced clubbing) as a destination for young female celebrities, a place for life lessons, self-examination, and temporary chemical independence.
And while 2007 saw its share of Iraq-as-Vietnam and Iraq-as-Taliban-era-Afghanistan analogies, Iraq also became the new Korea, at least to those who foresee a decades-long armed standoff and no end to the American military commitment.
As for the werewolves, vampires, zombies, pirates, and ninjas, its a bit complicated, but suffice it to say that it emerges from a particular hipster subculture, well-represented on the Internet, in which the comparative merits of ninja webcomics, piratecore punk music, and various supernatural schlock horror genres tend to be hotly debated. Among other things, the length of the chain suggests just how difficult it is to hold the attention of such a crowd.
A few years ago, the economist and blogger Glen Whitman coined a term for the linguistic genus into which X is the new Y falls: familiar cliches that leave themselves open to easy and open-ended appropriation by lazy (or desperate) writers. He dubbed them snowclones, from another paradigmatic example of the type: If Eskimos have X words for snow, then A [e.g. Saudi Arabians, San Franciscans, diplomats] must have even more words for B [e.g. sand, fog, maybe].
The continued reign of the new black snowclone dismays language watchdogs, in part because, like all cliches, it makes for mediocre writing and mediocre thinking. It also betrays a fetish for the new, and the new new.
But there are signs that the trope has reached a level of terminal self-consciousness. Casual examination of the year in new betrays at least a couple of snowclones coined in a spirit of linguistic pranksterism, the results meant to explode the cliche through their own absurdity – in what way, exactly, is Christmas the new awesome?
Eventually, sapped by this sort of subversion, the phrase might have to give way to another equally handy one. What the new new black would be remains anyones guess.
Drake Bennett is the staff writer for Ideas. E-mail drbennett@globe.com.
Roo Reynolds maintains a blog at rooreynolds.com. The chart was inspired by an earlier version by LeisureArts that can be found at thediagram.com/6_3/leisurearts.html
© Copyright 2007 Globe Newspaper Company.
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